Whole Blood Preservation via APEX Anticoagulant Composition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current blood collection systems have a limited shelf life for whole blood, posing logistical challenges in military and civilian settings, particularly in austere environments where rapid and effective transfusion is critical for hemorrhagic shock resuscitation, leading to expirations of precious blood units and increased operational costs.
Innovation Solution
A whole blood anticoagulant composition comprising sodium salts, magnesium salts, sugar alcohols, and nucleobase-containing components, such as the APEX™ composition, which includes sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, sodium acetate, magnesium citrate, and adenine, is used in a two-component system for leukoreduction with pH optimization, extending the preservation of whole blood to at least 5 weeks.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Duration of action of stationary object
If current blood collection systems are used, then whole blood can be stored, but the shelf life is limited causing blood units to expire and increasing operational costs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the anticoagulant solution by incorporating specific concentrations of sodium salts (sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate), magnesium salts (magnesium chloride), sugar alcohols (mannitol), and nucleobase-containing components (adenine). These parameter changes in the storage medium extend the shelf life of whole blood from the conventional 35 days to at least 5 weeks while maintaining blood quality and preventing expirations
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses a composite anticoagulant composition combining multiple substances (sodium salts, magnesium salts, sugar alcohols, and nucleobase-containing components) that work synergistically to preserve whole blood. This composite material approach addresses the limitation of single-component anticoagulants by providing multifaceted protection against degradation, thereby extending storage duration and reducing waste
2Duration of action of stationary object
If current anticoagulant solutions are used, then whole blood can be preserved, but the preservation duration is insufficient for extended operations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes preservation duration by adjusting chemical parameters including pH buffering capacity (using sodium bicarbonate and sodium acetate), osmolarity (using mannitol), and metabolic support (using adenine and magnesium chloride). These parameter changes enable the blood to maintain coagulation activity and cellular integrity for extended periods without degradation, achieving both long duration and high reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The anticoagulant composition is prepared in advance with all necessary components (sodium salts, magnesium salts, sugar alcohols, nucleobases) to preemptively protect against degradation processes. This preliminary action ensures that when whole blood is collected and stored, the protective mechanisms are already in place, maintaining coagulation activity throughout the extended preservation period without requiring additional interventions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The APEX™ system maintains effective oxygen delivery and coagulation activity of whole blood for an extended period, reducing blood unit expirations and simplifying logistics by providing a longer shelf life, thus optimizing sustained resuscitation and reducing operational costs.
Implementation Method 1
The APEX™ composition includes sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, sodium acetate, magnesium citrate, and adenine, is used in a two-component system for leukoreduction with pH optimization, extending the preservation of whole blood to at least 5 weeks
Implementation Method 2
A whole blood anticoagulant composition comprising sodium salts, magnesium salts, sugar alcohols, and nucleobase-containing components, such as the APEX™ composition, which includes sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, sodium acetate, magnesium citrate, and adenine, is used in a two-component system for leukoreduction with pH optimization
Implementation Method 3
The APEX™ composition, which includes sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, sodium acetate, magnesium citrate, and adenine
Implementation Method 4
A whole blood anticoagulant composition comprising sodium salts, magnesium salts, sugar alcohols, and nucleobase-containing components
Data Source
AI summary
A whole blood anticoagulant composition and system including the composition, wherein the composition includes sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, sodium acetate, and magnesium citrate—and may optionally include sodium bisphosphate and/or adenine. The whole blood storage system may include apparatus that allows for whole blood leukoreduction with pH optimization for improved RBC storage. Such a system can provide leukoreduced whole blood for field medical use, and preserve RBCs and maintain or mostly maintain coagulation activity of the whole blood.