ApoB-100 Peptides for SLE Cardiovascular Protection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current treatments for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are non-specific and have significant side effects, and patients remain at risk for cardiovascular complications due to incomplete response and accelerated atherosclerosis, which is modulated by the balance between immune responses.
Innovation Solution
Administration of peptides derived from ApoB-100 or its analogs, such as P210 and P45, either alone or fused with cholera toxin B, to treat and prevent SLE and cardiovascular disease by modulating immune responses, along with the use of CD8+ T cells activated with these peptides to target specific immune pathways.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If non-specific immunosuppression is used to treat SLE, then immune response is suppressed, but serious side effects occur and cardiovascular complications remain
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the immune response into specific targets (ApoB-100, phospholipids, and their complexes) rather than suppressing the entire immune system. By using peptides derived from ApoB-100 and phospholipid-specific antigens, the treatment selectively modulates only the pathogenic immune responses while preserving other immune functions, thereby reducing side effects while maintaining treatment effectiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by targeting specific immune pathways with disease-specific antigens. The use of ApoB-100 peptides and phospholipid-specific antigens creates a localized immunomodulatory effect on the atherogenic immune response, rather than global immunosuppression. This allows the treatment to address the specific pathogenic mechanisms in SLE patients without causing widespread immune suppression and associated side effects.
2Reliability
If non-specific immunosuppression is used to treat SLE, then some immune response is reduced, but response is incomplete and cardiovascular risk remains
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs feedback mechanisms by using specific immune modulators (ApoB-100 peptides, phospholipid antigens) that respond to and regulate the specific immune pathways involved in atherosclerosis. The treatment creates a feedback loop where the immune system's response to these specific antigens modulates the atherogenic process, allowing for more complete and targeted immune regulation compared to non-specific immunosuppression.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameters of immune modulation by shifting from non-specific immunosuppression to specific antigen-driven immunomodulation. By introducing ApoB-100 peptides and phospholipid-specific antigens, the treatment alters the quality and specificity of the immune response, targeting the precise parameters (ApoB-100, phospholipids) that drive atherosclerosis in SLE, thereby achieving more complete response.
3Reliability
If accelerated atherosclerosis progresses in SLE patients, then cardiovascular disease develops, but current treatments do not prevent this progression
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by using ApoB-100 peptides and phospholipid-specific antigens to prevent atherosclerosis before it progresses to severe cardiovascular disease. The treatment targets the early immune mechanisms (anti-ApoB-100 and anti-phospholipid antibodies) that initiate atherosclerosis, intervening at the molecular and immune levels before significant vascular damage occurs, thereby providing cardiovascular protection and preventing disease progression.
Data Source
AI summary
Described herein are peptides and antibodies for prevention and/or therapeutic treatment of mammals, including humans, against systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as diagnosing the presence or absence of antibodies related to increased or decreased risk of developing SLE and/or to disease grading, staging, and/or prognosis.