Aqueous Antiperspirant Composition Stabilization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing antiperspirant compositions using basic aluminium chloride (BAC) face challenges in maintaining high activity levels, particularly in aqueous formulations, and require specific ratios of calcium and glycine to achieve optimal antiperspirancy and storage stability.
Innovation Solution
An aqueous composition comprising basic aluminium chloride (BAC) salt, calcium chloride, and glycine, with specific molar ratios, is heated to activate the antiperspirant, resulting in an aqueous solution with enhanced antiperspirancy performance and storage stability, characterized by a high Band III content and balanced calcium to aluminium and glycine ratios.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional spray drying method is used to prepare activated BAC samples, then high antiperspirant activity is achieved, but the composition must be formulated into essentially anhydrous forms to maintain activity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the formulation parameters by introducing specific molar ratios of calcium salts (0.05-0.50 relative to Al) and amino acids (0.10-0.50 relative to Al), along with controlled heating temperatures (60-90°C) and times (1-24 hours), to achieve activation in aqueous environments without requiring anhydrous conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses calcium salts and amino acids as intermediary substances that mediate between BAC and water, enabling the formation of stable activated complexes in aqueous formulations. The calcium ions and amino acids act as mediators that prevent premature precipitation while maintaining antiperspirant activity
2Device complexity
If aqueous formulations with calcium and amino acid additives are used, then formulation simplicity is improved, but antiperspirant activity may be reduced without precise ratio control
Solution Approach 1:
The patent establishes precise parameter ranges: calcium salt molar ratio of 0.05-0.50 relative to Al, amino acid molar ratio of 0.10-0.50 relative to Al, heating temperature of 60-90°C, and heating time of 1-24 hours. These parameter specifications ensure both formulation simplicity and maintained antiperspirant activity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs partial action by using sub-stoichiometric amounts of calcium salts and amino acids relative to BAC, which is sufficient for activation without excessive addition that could cause precipitation or reduce efficacy. The controlled partial addition maintains activity while simplifying formulation
3Reliability
If prolonged heating is applied to activate BAC, then antiperspirant activity is enhanced, but storage stability at elevated temperatures deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary activation action during manufacturing by heating the formulation to 60-90°C for 1-24 hours to form stable activated BAC complexes with calcium salts and amino acids. This preliminary action ensures activity is established before storage, allowing the product to maintain both activity and stability during storage without requiring prolonged heating
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs feedback control by monitoring and controlling the molar ratios of calcium salts (0.05-0.50) and amino acids (0.10-0.50) relative to aluminum, ensuring optimal complex formation. This feedback mechanism prevents over-heating or excessive additive addition that would compromise storage stability while maintaining antiperspirant activity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves surprisingly good antiperspirancy performance and remarkable rheological and colour stability, with improved storage stability, even at elevated temperatures, while maintaining high activity levels in aqueous solutions.
Implementation Method 1
heating the mixture to a temperature of at least 65° C. for at least 2 hours
Data Source
AI summary
An aqueous composition comprising basic aluminium chloride salt of formula Al2(OH)4.4Cl1.6 to Al2(OH)4.9Cl1.1, calcium chloride at a molar level of 0.020 or greater relative to the aluminium present, and glycine at a molar level of 0.050 or greater relative to the aluminium present, characterised in that the molar ratio of aluminium to the sum of the molar amounts of the calcium chloride and glycine is from 3.9:1 to 6.1:1 and in that the molar ratio of glycine to Al is greater than 1.7:10 and the molar ratio of Ca to Al is less than 0.35:10 or the molar ratio of Ca to Al is greater than 0.35:10 and the molar ratio of glycine to Al is less than 1.7:10.