Stable Aqueous Fluorinated Silane Dispersions via Ionic Surfactants
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing aqueous delivery systems for fluorinated silanes are unstable, leading to short shelf lives and poor stability, which is a concern for environmental and safety reasons due to the use of volatile organic solvents.
Innovation Solution
The development of stable aqueous fluorinated silane dispersions is achieved by emulsifying fluorinated silanes with ionic surfactants and water at a pH above 7, resulting in compositions where fluorinated silane is at least 90 wt % of the total solids, with surfactants making up 0.1-10 wt %, and water comprising 70-99 wt %, forming a stable dispersion that remains stable for two weeks at 65°C.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If aqueous delivery systems are used for fluorinated silanes, then environmental safety and flammability hazards are improved, but stability and shelf life deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces ionic surfactants as intermediary substances to mediate between the hydrophobic fluorinated silane and the aqueous environment. The surfactant molecules have hydrophilic heads that interact with water and hydrophobic tails that interact with the fluorinated silane, creating a stable interface and preventing phase separation. This resolves the contradiction by enabling aqueous delivery while maintaining stability through the mediating作用 of surfactants.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes key parameters including pH (maintained above 7 to ensure surfactant effectiveness), surfactant concentration (0.1-10 wt%), and temperature stability (demonstrated at 65°C). By optimizing these parameters, the formulation achieves both environmental safety through aqueous delivery and adequate shelf life through controlled chemical and physical conditions.
2Quantity of substance
If fluorinated silane concentration is increased in aqueous dispersion, then application effectiveness is improved, but dispersion stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the surfactant-to-silane ratio and maintains specific pH levels to enable high fluorinated silane concentrations (at least 90 wt% of total solids) while preserving dispersion stability. The ionic surfactant concentration is carefully controlled at 0.1-10 wt% to provide sufficient steric and electrostatic stabilization for high loaded formulations.
3Duration of action of stationary object
If ionic surfactants are used to stabilize dispersion, then shelf life is improved, but formulation complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent establishes specific parameter ranges for ionic surfactants (0.1-10 wt% of total solids) and pH (greater than 7) that balance shelf life extension with formulation simplicity. These defined parameters provide clear formulation guidelines that achieve stability without requiring overly complex multi-component systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach provides a stable and extended shelf-life aqueous delivery system for fluorinated silanes, enhancing their stability and usability, while avoiding the hazards associated with volatile organic solvents.
Implementation Method 1
a surfactant being from 0.1-10 wt % of total solids of the aqueous dispersion... The fluorinated silane, surfactant and water form an aqueous dispersion
Implementation Method 2
emulsifying the mixture to form an aqueous dispersion... The fluorinated silane, surfactant and water form an aqueous dispersion
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for making stable aqueous fluorinated silane dispersions.