Arc Catcher Impedance Reduction for Switchgear Arc Damage

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electrical arc absorbers in switchgears are ineffective in reducing damage from high voltage electrical arcs, as they primarily cool exhaust gases without addressing the energy generation or burn-through issues, leading to costly repairs and maintenance.

Innovation Solution

An electrical arc absorber system that includes an impedance reduction system with an arc catcher made of conductive material to fix the burning zone and an integrated arc cooler to reduce arc power and voltage, minimizing damage by predicting and reinforcing the arc location and cooling exhaust gases.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If an arc cooler is used to cool exhaust gases, then the temperature of exhaust gas is reduced, but the arc energy and damage to switchgear structure are not sufficiently reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveexhaust gas temperatureVSAvoidarc damage to switchgear
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The arc catcher is positioned to intercept and cool the arc plasma before it can cause extensive damage to the switchgear structure. By cooling the arc early in its path, the system prevents the arc from reaching full energy levels that would cause burn-through and structural damage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The arc catcher acts as an intermediary element between the electrical arc and the switchgear structure. It absorbs and redirects the arc plasma, preventing direct contact with critical components while channeling the energy into a controlled cooling process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Strength

If the switchgear structure is designed to withstand high arc currents, then the structural strength is increased, but the repair costs and downtime remain high due to burn-through damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitchgear structural strengthVSAvoidrepair time and cost
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of repair

Solution Approach 1:

The arc catcher serves as a sacrificial protective element that absorbs arc damage before it reaches the main switchgear structure. This beforehand cushioning prevents burn-through of critical components, eliminating the need for extensive repairs and reducing downtime.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Solution Approach 2:

The arc catcher is designed as a replaceable component that can be easily replaced after absorbing arc damage. By using a disposable or easily replaceable element, the system avoids costly repairs to the main switchgear structure and minimizes operational downtime.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Temperature

If arc absorbers are added to cool exhaust gases, then the temperature control is improved, but the arc energy generation is not reduced leading to extensive structural damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveexhaust gas temperatureVSAvoidarc energy
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The arc catcher extracts and removes energy from the electrical arc by intercepting the plasma early in its path. This extraction of arc energy prevents the full development of arc power, reducing the total energy available to cause damage while still allowing for controlled cooling of the exhaust gases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system reduces arc energy by 25%-50%, minimizes repair costs, and enhances the reliability of switchgears by containing the arc within a fixed zone, reducing damage and maintaining structural integrity.

Implementation Method 1

the arc catcher being made of an electrically conductive material provides a fixed burning zone for the electrical arc

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

The impedance reduction system reduces the impedance for the electrical arc compared to the impedance of the electrical arc in the medium present in the switchgear

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Implementation Method 3

The arc absorber may be provided in the form of a heat exchanger or the like

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 4

The gas flow is then guided to an arc absorber, which cools the exhaust gas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP3671993B1Electrical arc absorber system, a switchgear having an electrical arc absorber system and method for operating a switchgear
Publication Date: 2022.05.25 ABB (SCHWEIZ) AG
  • EP3671993B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~2
  • EP3671993B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~5

AI summary

An electrical arc absorber system (100) for a switchgear, controlling a current, is described. The arc absorber system includes an impedance reduction system (110) for reducing the impedance of an electrical arc appearing in the switchgear between the current phases or the current phases and the ground. The impedance reduction system reduces the impedance for the electrical arc compared to the impedance of the electrical arc in the medium present in the switchgear. Further, the impedance reduction system (110) comprising at least one arc catcher (111; 112; 113) for the current phases of the current. Also, a switchgear including an arc absorber system and a method for operating a switchgear is described.