Additive Manufactured Armor with Integrated Ceramic Areas

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for producing composite armor materials struggle to create complex three-dimensional configurations, limiting their effectiveness in providing multi-hit resistance against projectiles.

Innovation Solution

The method involves using additive manufacturing to build a three-dimensional geometry with a denser metallic material and a less dense material that reacts with a reaction gas to form ceramic areas, allowing for the creation of complex ceramic structures within metallic armor, enhancing multi-hit resistance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If ceramic material is used on the outside of armor to strengthen metallic armor, then hardness and projectile interception capability are improved, but multi-hit resistance deteriorates because ceramic can break through impact and flake off

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovehardnessVSAvoidmulti-hit resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by combining metallic build-up material with ceramic-forming material in a layered structure. The metallic material provides toughness and multi-hit resistance, while the ceramic-forming material provides hardness for projectile interception. This composite structure resolves the contradiction by integrating materials with complementary properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by creating distinct layers with different properties: a first layer of metallic material with high toughness and a second layer of ceramic-forming material with high hardness. Each layer is positioned where its specific properties are most needed, with the ceramic layer facing the projectile for hardness and the metallic layer behind it for energy absorption and multi-hit resistance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Adaptability or versatility

If additive manufacturing is used to build three-dimensional armor geometry, then manufacturing flexibility and complex shape capability are improved, but manufacturing precision deteriorates due to compaction variability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethree-dimensional configuration capabilityVSAvoiddensity uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the build-up material into distinct layers: a first layer that is compacted to high density and a second layer that remains less compacted. This segmentation allows each layer to be manufactured with appropriate density for its function, resolving the precision issue while maintaining 3D manufacturing flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by applying different compaction levels to different regions of the armor structure. The first layer receives high compaction for structural integrity, while the second layer receives minimal compaction to maintain porosity for ceramic formation. This localized quality control resolves the contradiction between manufacturing flexibility and precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Reliability

If ceramic material is embedded in metallic material to avoid spalling, then multi-hit resistance is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases due to infiltration process requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-hit resistanceVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-forming the metallic and ceramic-forming material layers in the desired configuration before any infiltration or reaction processes. The layers are deposited in sequence with the metallic material first, followed by the ceramic-forming material, establishing the correct structure before subsequent thermal processing occurs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies parameter changes by utilizing temperature as a control parameter to transform the less compacted ceramic-forming material into ceramic through reaction with atmospheric gas. This temperature-driven phase change simplifies the manufacturing process by eliminating the need for complex infiltration equipment, while still achieving the desired embedded ceramic structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the production of metallic armor with integrated ceramic areas that can withstand multiple impacts, offering improved resistance and allowing for intricate three-dimensional designs.

Implementation Method 1

A building material is used which reacts with a reaction gas to form a ceramic material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical reaction: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 2

a first part of the construction material being compressed during the additive manufacturing process

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression: Compression

Implementation Method 3

the building material is continuously deposited locally, melted by the moving heat source and then cooled again so that a solidified layer is formed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Data Source

PatentEP2703767B1Method for producing a fabric composite for armour and armour
Publication Date: 2016.04.20 AIRBUS DEFENCE & SPACE GMBH
  • EP2703767B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2703767B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP2703767B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite material (10) for armor plating (12), wherein a three-dimensional final geometry (14) of the composite material (10) is built up from a build-up material (23) using an additive manufacturing process, wherein a first part (24) of the build-up material (23) is densified during the additive manufacturing process and wherein a second part (26) of the build-up material (23) remains in a phase with a lower density (44) than the first part (24), wherein a build-up material (23) is used which reacts with a reaction gas (54) to form a ceramic material (58).The invention further relates to a method for producing a metallic armor (12) with integrated ceramic areas (64), wherein several modules (66) are provided which are formed by the method according to the invention, wherein the modules (66) are joined to form an armor (12), and to a metallic armor (12) with integrated ceramic areas (64).