Aromatic Nitrile Oxide Elastomer Modifiers for Tire Rubber
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a challenge in developing rubber compositions for pneumatic tires that balance low hysteresis for improved fuel efficiency and environmental impact with maintaining reinforcement and stiffness properties, as reducing hysteresis often leads to decreased baked stiffness.
Innovation Solution
The use of aromatic nitrile oxide compounds with a specific —O-alkanediyl group linked to the aromatic ring, when grafted onto elastomers, improves reinforcement index and hysteresis properties without compromising baked stiffness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If conventional functionalizing agents are used to improve reinforcement index, then reinforcement is improved, but hysteresis properties deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical structure parameters of the functionalizing agent by using aromatic nitrile oxide compounds with specific —O-alkanediyl groups (5-12 carbon atoms) linked to aromatic rings bearing nitrile oxide, isocyanate, or azide groups. This structural parameter change enables simultaneous improvement in reinforcement index and hysteresis properties that conventional agents cannot achieve
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite functionalizing agent system combining aromatic rings, specific alkanediyl linkers, and reactive groups (nitrile oxide, isocyanate, or azide). This composite molecular structure provides multiple interaction mechanisms with elastomer chains, achieving both enhanced reinforcement and improved hysteresis properties
2Loss of energy
If hysteresis is reduced to improve fuel efficiency, then fuel economy is improved, but baked stiffness deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the molecular parameters of the functionalizing agent by optimizing the carbon chain length (5-12 atoms) and aromatic ring structure, which enables the elastomer to achieve low hysteresis while maintaining adequate baked stiffness through enhanced filler-polymer interaction
3Loss of energy
If conventional modifying agents are used to improve hysteresis properties, then hysteresis is improved, but reinforcement index deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by introducing aromatic nitrile oxide compounds with specific spacer lengths (5-12 carbon atoms), which provides optimal balance between hysteresis reduction and reinforcement maintenance through controlled molecular interactions
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a compound of formula (I) below:in which: T is chosen from the group consisting of CN+—O−, CH═NOH and CHO; A represents a C6-C14 arenediyl ring optionally substituted with one or more identical or different, preferably saturated, linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chains; represents a divalent C5-C12 hydrocarbon group optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms; and X1, X2 and X3, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl or a C6-C14 aryl. Also disclosed is a process for synthesizing compounds of formula (I), a modified polymer obtained by grafting the compound of formula (I) with T=CN+—O−, a composition based on the modified polymer and an additive, and to a composition based on at least one additive and at least one compound of formula (I) with T=CN+—O−.