ARQ Protocol With Complementary Feedback Mechanisms

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wireless communication protocols face challenges in achieving fast and reliable feedback while efficiently using radio resources, as conventional ACK/NACK protocols are unreliable and explicit feedback protocols are slower.

Innovation Solution

An integrated retransmission protocol that combines synchronous and asynchronous feedback mechanisms, using sequence numbers and explicit timing references to ensure reliable data unit identification, allowing for efficient and timely error correction without misinterpretation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If synchronous ACK/NACK feedback mechanism is used, then transmission speed is improved, but reliability deteriorates due to single-bit feedback errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefeedback transmission speedVSAvoidfeedback reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the receiver sends ACK/NACK signals to the transmitter, and the transmitter responds with retransmissions or updates. This closed-loop feedback ensures reliable data transmission by allowing the system to detect and correct errors through repeated exchanges rather than relying on single-bit feedback accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent prepares for potential feedback errors by implementing redundant transmission mechanisms. The transmitter maintains buffers of transmitted data and prepares alternative transmission strategies in advance, so when feedback errors occur, the system can recover without losing data integrity or requiring extensive retransmissions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

2Reliability

If explicit feedback messages with sequence numbers are used, then reliability is improved, but transmission speed deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefeedback reliabilityVSAvoidfeedback transmission speed
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments feedback information into different components: critical timing and acknowledgment signals are transmitted quickly using synchronous mechanisms, while detailed sequence number and status information are transmitted asynchronously when resources permit. This segmentation allows the system to achieve both fast acknowledgment and reliable tracking without requiring all feedback elements to be transmitted at high speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically adjusts the feedback mechanism based on system conditions. When radio resources are abundant and time permits, the system uses detailed explicit feedback messages with sequence numbers for maximum reliability. When timing is critical or resources are constrained, the system switches to faster synchronous ACK/NACK signals, optimizing the balance between speed and reliability in real-time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Reliability

If transmission power is increased to cover worst-case fading dips, then feedback error rate is reduced, but resource consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefeedback error rateVSAvoidtransmission power
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial action by transmitting feedback at adaptive power levels rather than always using maximum power. The system transmits at sufficient power to achieve the required error rate under current channel conditions, and only increases power when fading dips are detected or predicted. This approach achieves the necessary reliability without the excessive resource consumption of always transmitting at maximum power.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

4Reliability

If feedback messages are repeated to achieve very low error rates, then reliability is improved, but transmission resource consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefeedback error rateVSAvoidtransmission resources
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces intermediate acknowledgment mechanisms that reduce the need for repeated feedback transmissions. Instead of directly repeating failed feedback messages, the system uses intermediate status indicators and cumulative acknowledgments that convey the same reliability information with fewer transmissions. This intermediary approach achieves low error rates without proportionally increasing resource consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP2860900B1Automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol having multiple complementary feedback mechanisms
Publication Date: 2021.11.17 OPTIS WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY LLC
  • EP2860900B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2860900B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2860900B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods for efficiently controlling the retransmission of data units in a wireless telecommunication system, wherein multiple complementary feedback mechanisms are used to control retransmission. A receiver attempts to decode each received data unit. If a data unit is successfully decoded, the receiver transmits positive feedback to the transmitter; if a data unit is not successfully decoded, the receiver transmits negative feedback to the transmitter. In all cases, the transmitter employs at least first and second feedback mechanisms for transmitting the positive and negative feedback. In an exemplary embodiment, acknowledgement (ACK) and nonacknowledgement (NACK) messages are sent in response to the receipt of each data unit on a first unreliable channel and Status Messages identifying sequence numbers of particular data units are periodically transmitted on a second reliable channel; the receiver preferably removes data units from its transmit window only upon receipt of a Status Message indicating successful decode.