Array Antenna Layout for Wide-Angle Radar Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Radar apparatuses with short wavelength signals face challenges in detection performance due to antenna arrangement, particularly in wide-angle detection of vehicles and pedestrians, where grating lobes and sidelobes can lead to false peak detection and reduced angular resolution.
Innovation Solution
A radar apparatus with a transmission array antenna and a reception array antenna arranged in a two-dimensional plane, where the reception array consists of multiple sub-arrays with specific spacing to reduce grating lobes and increase antenna gain, and the transmission array is configured to improve directional gain and reduce sidelobes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If antenna elements are arranged in a conventional grid pattern, then the array structure is simple, but grating lobes and sidelobes increase causing false peak detection
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies asymmetry by arranging transmission and reception antenna elements at non-uniform intervals rather than in a conventional symmetric grid pattern. Specifically, the transmission antenna elements are positioned at different intervals from each other, and similarly for reception elements, which disrupts the periodic structure that causes grating lobes while maintaining detection reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from one-dimensional uniform spacing to two-dimensional asymmetric positioning. By introducing varied spacing in both horizontal and vertical dimensions, the antenna elements create a more complex spatial distribution that reduces grating lobe formation while maintaining system reliability
2Measurement precision
If antenna elements are spaced closely together, then the array size is reduced, but angular resolution deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by creating different spacing characteristics in different regions of the antenna array. Some antenna elements are positioned closer together while others are spaced farther apart, optimizing the local spatial frequency content to improve angular resolution without requiring a uniformly large array area
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the antenna array into multiple groups with different spacing characteristics. By dividing the array into segments with varied inter-element spacing, the system achieves better angular resolution through diverse spatial sampling while controlling the overall array footprint
3Reliability
If uniform spacing is used between antenna elements, then manufacturing is simplified, but sidelobes increase reducing detection performance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the spacing parameters from uniform values to varied asymmetric values. By implementing non-uniform intervals between antenna elements, the system reduces sidelobe levels and improves detection performance, while the specific asymmetric pattern is designed to be manufacturable with standard positioning tolerances
Data Source
AI summary
This receiving array antenna includes multiple receiving antenna rows, and each of the receiving antenna rows contains a first number of antennas; of the first number of antennas contained in the receiving antenna rows, mutually adjacent antennas are arranged separated by a first interval in a first axis direction and by a second interval in a second axis direction. The transmitting array antenna includes multiple transmitting antenna rows arranged in the second axis direction at an interval that is the first number times the second interval, each of the transmitting antenna rows contains multiple antennas, and the multiple antennas contained in the transmitting antenna rows are arranged in the same position in the second axis direction and in different positions in the first axis direction. The antennas contained in the transmitting antenna rows adjacent in the second axis direction are arranged in different positions in the first axis direction.