Aryl Phosphoric Acid Triamide Urease Inhibitor Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Urease inhibitors, such as N-(2-nitrophenyl)phosphoric triamide (2-NPT), experience decomposition when used with phosphorus-containing fertilizers like NPK, NP, or P fertilizers, leading to reduced stability and effectiveness in soil fertilization, as they are typically hydrolyzed by the enzyme urease present in the soil, resulting in ammonia emission and reduced nitrogen availability for plants.
Innovation Solution
A mixture of 2-NPT with a urea-containing fertilizer and an additional phosphorus-containing fertilizer, where 2-NPT is incorporated into the fertilizer granules through various blending processes to prevent decomposition, ensuring stability and maintaining urease inhibition activity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If urease inhibitors are used with phosphorus-containing fertilizers, then urease inhibition activity is improved, but decomposition of the inhibitor increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a coating layer as an intermediary between the urease inhibitor and phosphorus-containing fertilizer. This coating layer prevents direct contact and chemical reaction between the inhibitor and phosphate ions, thereby reducing decomposition while maintaining urease inhibition activity. The coating acts as a protective mediator that allows both substances to coexist without adverse interactions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the fertilizer composition into distinct components: a core containing phosphorus-containing fertilizer and a coating layer containing the urease inhibitor. This segmentation physically separates the incompatible substances, preventing their direct interaction and the resulting decomposition, while still allowing them to function together as a complete fertilizer system.
2Productivity
If urease inhibitors are stored with urea-containing fertilizers under tropical conditions, then fertilization effectiveness is improved, but storage life decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies a protective coating layer beforehand to cushion against the destabilizing effect of phosphorus-containing fertilizers on urease inhibitors during storage. This pre-protective measure prevents decomposition from occurring during storage, thereby extending storage life while maintaining the fertilization effectiveness that would otherwise be compromised by premature inhibitor degradation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The use of 2-NPT with phosphorus-containing fertilizers significantly reduces decomposition, maintaining over 90% stability after 15 days at 20-25°C, allowing for longer storage and effective urease inhibition, enhancing nitrogen utilization efficiency in soil fertilization.
Implementation Method 1
Urea itself, however, is a form of nitrogen which is absorbed very little if at all, being hydrolyzed relatively rapidly by the enzyme urease, which is present ubiquitously in the soil, to form ammonia and carbon dioxide
Implementation Method 2
The present invention focuses on this additional destabilizing effect of the additional P-containing fertilizer
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a mixture comprising a) a (thio)phosphoric acid triamide (2) according to the general formula (I) wherein X1 is O or S; R1 is C6-C20-aryl, optionally substituted with electro-withdrawing groups (EWG) selected from the group consisting of fluoro (-F), chloro (-CI), bromo (-Br), iodo (-I), halogenalkyl, trihalomethyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, tribromomethyl, nitro (-NO2), cyano (-CN), carbonyl (-(C=0)R7), ammonium (-NhV), and substituted ammonium (-N(R8)3+); R2 is H, C1-C20-alkyl, C3-C20-cycloalkyl, C6-C20-aryl, C6-C20-aryl-C1-C4-alkyl, or C1-C6- (di)alkylaminocarbonyl; R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C4-alkyl; R7 is H, halogen, alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyloxy, or amino; and R8 is H, alkyl, or aryl; and b) a fertilizer mixture (3) comprising a urea-containing fertilizer (3a) and an additional P-containing fertilizer (3b) which is preferably a NPK fertilizer, a NP fertilizer, a PK fertilizer, or a P fertilizer.