Water-in-oil Antiperspirant Emulsion Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Water-in-oil emulsion antiperspirant compositions often face challenges in achieving effective antiperspirancy performance and storage stability, particularly when using activated basic aluminium chloride (BAC) antiperspirant actives.
Innovation Solution
A water-in-oil emulsion antiperspirant composition is developed using aluminium sesquichlorohydrate (ASCH) with a specific molar ratio of calcium to aluminium and an amino acid, such as glycine, which is heat-activated to enhance antiperspirancy performance and storage stability, incorporating a silicone oil continuous phase and non-ionic emulsifier system for improved stability and sensory properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If water-in-oil emulsion compositions are formulated with activated BAC antiperspirant actives, then antiperspirancy performance is improved, but storage stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the BAC salt by selecting specific aluminium to chloride molar ratios (1.25:1 to 1.82:1, preferably 1.54:1 to 1.82:1) and controlling the activation conditions (temperature, time, calcium to aluminium molar ratio of at least 1:20). These parameter changes optimize both the antiperspirancy performance (Band III content of at least 30%) and storage stability of the composition simultaneously.
2Reliability
If heat activation is applied to enhance antiperspirancy performance, then Band III content increases, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary heat activation of the BAC salt with calcium salt and amino acid before formulating the final water-in-oil emulsion. This preliminary action converts the BAC salt into its activated form with enhanced antiperspirancy properties, simplifying the overall manufacturing process by separating the activation step from the emulsion formulation step.
Solution Approach 2:
The activation process uses controlled parameter changes including heating to specific temperatures, maintaining specific molar ratios (calcium to aluminium at least 1:20, amino acid to aluminium at least 1:10), and controlling activation time to achieve the desired Band III content while managing process complexity.
3Reliability
If amino acid and calcium salt are added to activate BAC, then antiperspirancy performance is improved, but formulation complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the activation components (calcium salt and amino acid) with the BAC salt in a single activation step before emulsion formulation. This combining approach simplifies the overall formulation process by integrating multiple functions (activation, stabilization) into unified steps rather than separate operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the concentrations and molar ratios of the added components (calcium to aluminium molar ratio at least 1:20, amino acid to aluminium molar ratio at least 1:10) to achieve effective activation while controlling formulation complexity. These parameter optimizations ensure enhanced antiperspirancy performance without excessive complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition achieves high antiperspirancy performance and remarkable storage stability, maintaining effectiveness for several months, with a Band III content of at least 30% and viscosity optimized for flow and stability, significantly outperforming comparative examples in sweat weight reduction and high-temperature stability tests.
Implementation Method 1
The activation mixture is heated to a temperature of from 65°C to 95°C for a period of from 1 hour to 24 hours
Implementation Method 2
emulsifying the resulting solution into an oily continuous phase
Data Source
AI summary
Water-in-oil emulsion antiperspirant compositions and their method of manufacture wherein a basic aluminium chloride salt of formula Al2OH4.4Cl1.6 to Al2OH4.9Cl1.1 is heat activated with a water-soluble calcium salt and amino acid, and the resulting solution is emulsified into an oily continuous phase.