ASFV CD2v Antigen DIVA Immunoassay for Infected Vaccinated Differentiation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current diagnostic assays for African swine fever (ASF) lack a reliable method to differentiate between animals infected with the virus and those vaccinated with marker vaccines, hindering effective disease control and eradication efforts.
Innovation Solution
Development of an in vitro diagnostic immunoassay using the ASFV CD2v antigen to detect antibodies, allowing for the distinction between infected and vaccinated animals, thereby enabling a DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) strategy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If marker vaccines are used to control ASFV, then vaccination coverage and animal protection are improved, but the ability to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the diagnostic approach by using two different antigens: CD2v antigen for detecting infected animals and p72 antigen for detecting vaccinated animals. This segmentation allows the diagnostic system to distinguish between infection status and vaccination status separately, resolving the contradiction between maintaining vaccination protection and enabling accurate differentiation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces CD2v as an intermediary marker that is present in infected animals but absent in vaccinated animals (since the vaccine is CD2v-negative). This intermediary marker serves as a reliable indicator for infection status independent of vaccination status, allowing accurate DIVA differentiation while maintaining the benefits of marker vaccine protection.
2Productivity
If conventional diagnostic assays are used, then general ASFV detection is achieved, but differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a dynamic diagnostic approach where the choice of antigen (CD2v or p72) is adjusted based on the specific diagnostic question being asked. This dynamic selection allows the same diagnostic platform to provide different types of information (infection status vs. vaccination status) as needed, preventing information loss while maintaining high detection productivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the diagnostic parameter (antigen type) to differentiate between infection and vaccination status. By using CD2v antigen specifically for infection detection and p72 antigen for vaccination detection, the system preserves complete information about both infection and vaccination status simultaneously, eliminating the information loss that occurs with conventional single-antigen assays.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The immunoassay effectively differentiates between ASFV-infected and vaccinated animals with high specificity and sensitivity, providing a crucial tool for ASF disease control and eradication programs.
Implementation Method 1
an isolated African swine fever virus (ASFV) CD2v protein or an antigenic fragment thereof, bound to a solid support, as an antigen in an immunoassay
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a diagnostic use of an African Swine Fever Vims CD2v protein, a method, a device, and a kit for the detection of the presence of ASFV antibodies in a test sample, in particular the use thereof in a DIVA immunoassay.