ASFV Chimeric Protein Vaccine for Safe Broad Immune Response
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current African swine fever vaccines face challenges such as complex viral structure, immune escape mechanisms, and biosafety risks, leading to unsatisfactory immunization effects and lack of approved vaccines.
Innovation Solution
Development of a chimeric protein comprising African swine fever virus p72 domains and antigenic proteins like p54, p30, CD2v, and p12, with a flexible linking peptide, expressed using genetic engineering, and formulated with adjuvants for enhanced immunogenicity and large-scale production.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines are used, then vaccine coverage is achieved, but immunization effect is unsatisfactory and biosafety risks occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts specific antigenic domains (p72 domain I, p72 domain II, p72 domain III) and antigenic proteins (p54, p30, CD2v, p12) from the complete ASFV structure to create a chimeric protein vaccine. This extraction approach isolates only the essential immunogenic components, achieving effective immunization while eliminating the biosafety risks associated with using complete inactivated or live attenuated viruses.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the complex ASFV structure into distinct functional domains (p72 domain I, II, III) and individual antigenic proteins (p54, p30, CD2v, p12), then reassembles them into a chimeric protein. This segmentation allows for controlled expression and assembly of vaccine components, improving immunization effectiveness while maintaining biosafety by excluding non-essential viral elements.
2Reliability
If the complete African swine fever virus is used for vaccine development, then comprehensive immune response is achieved, but the complex structure makes large-scale cultivation difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the essential antigenic components (p72 domains and antigenic proteins) from the complete ASFV, expressing them separately as a chimeric protein. This extraction eliminates the need to cultivate the entire complex virus structure, enabling straightforward large-scale production through recombinant expression systems while preserving the key immunogenic elements for comprehensive immune response.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite chimeric protein structure that integrates multiple antigenic domains (p72 domain I, p72 domain II, p72 domain III) and antigenic proteins (p54, p30, CD2v, p12) into a single vaccine molecule. This composite approach consolidates multiple immunogenic components into one expressible unit, simplifying manufacturing while maintaining comprehensive immune coverage.
3Quantity of substance
If the virus passage is extended during cultivation, then sufficient vaccine material is obtained, but variation occurs during passage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the essential antigenic information into a defined chimeric protein sequence that can be expressed without viral passage. By encoding the chimeric protein in a plasmid vector and expressing it directly in host cells, the method obtains sufficient vaccine material through scalable expression systems while completely avoiding the genetic variation that occurs during extended viral passage.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a stable DNA copy of the chimeric protein sequence in a plasmid vector, which serves as a master template for unlimited production. This copying approach replaces the need for repeated viral passage with a stable genetic template that can be propagated and expressed consistently, ensuring viral consistency while enabling large-scale vaccine material production.
4Reliability
If live attenuated vaccines are used to achieve good immunization effect, then immune protection is improved, but reversion to virulence and virus diffusion risks increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the antigenic domains and proteins necessary for immune protection from the live virus, expressing them as a recombinant chimeric protein vaccine. This extraction eliminates the replicative capacity and virulence factors of the live virus while preserving the immunogenic components, achieving immune protection without the risk of reversion to virulence or virus diffusion.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a non-replicating recombinant protein vaccine instead of a live attenuated virus, creating a stable, non-living immunogen that cannot revert or diffuse. This approach trades the potential benefits of live virus replication for complete biosafety, using a disposable recombinant protein product that eliminates all risks associated with live virus vaccines.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is an African swine fever virus chimeric protein. The chimeric protein comprises: (1) an African swine fever virus p72 domain I; (2) an African swine fever virus p72 domain II; (3) an African swine fever virus p72 domain III; and (4) an African swine fever virus antigenic protein. By using African swine fever virus p72 protein as a skeleton, the chimeric protein provided in the present invention will exhibit antigenic epitopes of African swine fever virus antigenic proteins p54, p30, CD2v, and p12, achieve a good immune effect, and can produce significant humoral and cell-mediated immune response.