Immunological Assay Uniform Immobilization via Intermediary Binding
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Solution Overview
Problem
The immunological assay method for homocysteine measurement faces challenges with reproducibility due to non-uniform immobilization of S-adenosylhomocysteine on a solid phase, leading to variations in measured results and requiring complex quality control steps, as well as hindered immunoreactions due to binding with carrier substances.
Innovation Solution
An immunological assay method where the equivalent substance is immobilized on a solid phase through a carrier substance that does not bind to the labeled antibody, using a specific binding substance that binds to the carrier and is immobilized on the solid phase, allowing for indirect immobilization and improved reproducibility.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If S-adenosylhomocysteine is immobilized on the solid phase by binding to a carrier substance and physically adsorbing the carrier to the solid phase, then the equivalent substance can be immobilized on the solid phase, but the immobilization is non-uniform causing variations in measured results and lower reproducibility
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a specific binding substance as an intermediary between the carrier substance and the solid phase. This mediator enables controlled and uniform immobilization of the equivalent substance through specific binding interactions, eliminating the non-uniform physical adsorption problem while maintaining reliable and reproducible measurement results.
2Quantity of substance
If S-adenosylhomocysteine binds to the carrier substance for immobilization, then the equivalent substance can be fixed on the solid phase, but some of the equivalent substance is enclosed in the carrier substance and cannot participate in immunoreaction
Solution Approach 1:
The specific binding substance acts as a mediator that allows the carrier substance to be immobilized on the solid phase without enclosing the equivalent substance. This intermediary approach ensures that the equivalent substance remains accessible for immunoreaction while still achieving stable immobilization, thereby improving both the quantity available for reaction and the reliability of results.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the immobilization system into distinct functional components: the carrier substance for stability, the specific binding substance for controlled attachment, and the equivalent substance for immunoreaction. This segmentation prevents the equivalent substance from being enclosed or hidden within the carrier structure, ensuring maximum availability for reaction.
3Reliability
If the amount of S-adenosylhomocysteine bound to the solid phase is controlled to avoid lower reproducibility, then measurement reproducibility improves, but complicated steps for quality control in preparation of the solid phase are required
Solution Approach 1:
The specific binding substance serves as a mediator that inherently controls the amount of equivalent substance immobilized on the solid phase through its specific binding capacity. This self-regulating mechanism eliminates the need for complex quality control steps, as the intermediary naturally ensures uniform and controlled immobilization without requiring additional monitoring or adjustment procedures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the reproducibility of analyte substance measurement by ensuring uniform immobilization and participation in immunoreactions, reducing the amount of equivalent substance required and simplifying quality control processes.
Implementation Method 1
binding between the carrier substance and a specific binding substance which specifically binds to the carrier substance and is immobilized on the solid phase
Implementation Method 2
a labeled antibody which specifically binds to the analyte substance and the equivalent substance
Data Source
AI summary
[Problem] To provide a so-called competitive immunological assay method capable of more uniformly immobilizing on a solid phase a substance equivalent to an antigen. [Solution] This immunological assay method measures an analyte substance in a sample by using: an equivalent substance immobilized on the solid phase during the execution of the assay, the equivalent substance being immunologically equivalent to the analyte substance; and a labeled antibody for specifically binding to the substance equivalent to the analyte substance. The assay method is characterized in that the equivalent substance is immobilized on the solid phase using: a bond between the equivalent substance and a carrier substance, the carrier substance being a substance to which the labeled antibody does not bind; and a bond between the carrier substance and a specific binding substance immobilized on the solid phase, the specific binding substance being a substance that binds specifically to the carrier substance.