Asymmetric Linear Actuator With Hydraulic Dissipation and High-Force Locking

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional actuators are symmetric in power generation and dissipation, making them inefficient for applications requiring high power dissipation at high forces and low power generation at low forces, leading to a need for a compact and lightweight actuator that can also lock at high forces.

Innovation Solution

A power-asymmetric actuator design incorporating a hydraulic cylinder with a piston assembly and two motors, where one motor drives a power screw for low-force power generation and the other controls fluidic restriction for high-force power dissipation and locking, with a hydraulic accumulator to manage fluid volumes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If a standard power-symmetric actuator is used to meet large power dissipation requirements at high force magnitudes, then the actuator can dissipate large amounts of power, but the actuator becomes both large and heavy relative to the power generation requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower dissipationVSAvoidactuator weight
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSWeight of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The actuator is divided into two separate subsystems: a power generation subsystem with a first motor optimized for low-force generation, and a power dissipation subsystem with a second motor optimized for high-force dissipation. Each subsystem is independently sized and controlled, allowing the actuator to meet power dissipation requirements without oversizing the entire system for generation needs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements asymmetric power handling by designing the actuator with different motor configurations for generation and dissipation modes. The first motor (generation) has different torque and speed characteristics than the second motor (dissipation), creating an asymmetric system that optimizes performance for each function rather than using a symmetric design for both.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

2Power

If a standard power-symmetric actuator is used to meet large power dissipation requirements at high force magnitudes, then the actuator can dissipate large amounts of power, but the actuator becomes large relative to the power generation requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower dissipationVSAvoidactuator volume
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The actuator is divided into two separate subsystems: a power generation subsystem with a first motor optimized for low-force generation, and a power dissipation subsystem with a second motor optimized for high-force dissipation. Each subsystem is independently sized and controlled, allowing the actuator to meet power dissipation requirements without oversizing the entire system for generation needs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Weight of stationary object

If a power-asymmetric actuator design with two motors and hydraulic system is implemented, then the actuator achieves compact and lightweight structure, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveactuator weightVSAvoidactuator complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of stationary objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines electric motor technology with hydraulic fluid dynamics in an integrated actuator system. The first and second motors work together with the hydraulic fluid volumes and compressibility to achieve both power generation and dissipation functions, merging multiple technologies into a unified compact system that reduces overall weight and volume.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses hydraulic fluid volumes trapped between the piston and cylinder ends to provide spring-like forces and energy storage. The compressibility of the hydraulic fluid enables passive force generation during retraction while the active motors provide controlled power for extension and dissipation, combining hydraulic principles with active motor control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The actuator achieves high power dissipation and locking capabilities while maintaining a compact and lightweight structure, suitable for applications like prosthetic joints that require asymmetric power handling.

Implementation Method 1

wherein the actuator further comprises a hydraulic accumulator in fluid communication with at least one of the first volume of working fluid and the second volume of working fluid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydraulic Accumulator: Hydraulic Accumulator

Implementation Method 2

wherein the power screw assembly comprises a power screw connected to the actuator body to allow rotation and prevent translation, a power screw nut affixed to the piston assembly

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical Advantage: Mechanical Advantage

Implementation Method 3

the first and second fluid ports being connected via a fluidic restriction, the fluidic restriction being an adjustable fluidic restriction controlled by a second motor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure Gradient: Pressure Gradient

Data Source

PatentEP3568570B1Linear actuator for asymmetric force generation and dissipation
Publication Date: 2022.06.01 VANDERBILT UNIV
  • EP3568570B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3568570B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP3568570B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

An asymmetric linear actuator is provided which integrates a hydraulic dissipater and an electric motor and power screw which generates small forces. The actuator is configured so that an electric motor drives a power screw which drives a rod through a cylinder to provide linear actuation. The cylinder is fluid-filled and incorporates a piston that separates the cylinder into a first and second fluid chamber which are filled with a first and second volume of working fluid. Movement of the piston and rod assembly results in fluid movement between the first and second volumes of working fluid and through the fluidic restriction. The fluidic restriction can be proportionally controllable via an electric motor which enables controllable power dissipation via control of the fluidic restriction motor and controllable power generation via control of the power screw motor.