Asymmetric Field Flow Fractionation Optimization via Simulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current asymmetric field flow fractionation methods require time-consuming test measurements to optimize separation parameters for new sample systems, as existing equations do not readily provide necessary data and fail to accurately estimate band broadening and dilution effects, making it difficult to determine optimal separation conditions.
Innovation Solution
A method using a simulation program to calculate diffusion coefficients from measured fractograms, allowing for the optimization of separation channel parameters and process conditions by varying relevant parameters and observing their effects on fractograms displayed on a screen, thereby reducing optimization time from days to minutes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If time-consuming test measurements are conducted to optimize separation parameters for new sample systems, then optimal separation conditions can be determined, but the optimization time increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-calculating and storing separation parameters for various sample systems in a database before actual measurement. When a new sample is introduced, the system first checks the database for matching sample characteristics and retrieves pre-optimized parameters, avoiding time-consuming test measurements while maintaining optimal separation conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses copying by creating a digital representation of sample characteristics and using this copy to retrieve corresponding separation parameters from the database. Instead of measuring and optimizing for each physical sample, the system copies sample information (composition, concentration, molecular weight) and uses this digital copy to access pre-determined optimal parameters
2Ease of operation
If existing equations are used to estimate retention times, then calculations are simplified, but necessary data are not readily available and band broadening effects cannot be accurately estimated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms the approach by changing from direct physical measurement to database lookup based on sample parameters. The system accepts sample characteristics (composition, concentration, molecular weight) as input parameters and retrieves corresponding retention times and separation parameters from the database, maintaining calculation simplicity while improving accuracy through pre-measured empirical data
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a database as an intermediary between sample characterization and separation parameter determination. Instead of directly measuring or calculating retention times, the system uses the database as a mediator that stores pre-determined relationships between sample properties and optimal separation conditions, making the process both simple and accurate
3Adaptability or versatility
If a large number of different sample systems are analyzed with asymmetric field flow fractionation, then versatility is improved, but each sample system requires different separation channels and process parameters
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies universality by creating a single database system that handles multiple different sample systems through one unified interface. The database stores separation parameters for various sample types (polymers, proteins, particles) and automatically retrieves appropriate parameters based on sample characteristics, allowing one device to serve multiple functions without requiring different physical separation channels for each sample type
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables the rapid optimization of separation methods for new sample systems by simulating and visualizing changes in fractograms, allowing for the determination of optimal parameters without additional measurements, significantly reducing the time and effort required for optimization.
Implementation Method 1
a laminar flow profile is formed in which the flow rate is maximum in the center and approaches zero at the edges
Implementation Method 2
Due to the different sizes and the associated different diffusion coefficients, smaller particles diffuse further back into the channel than larger ones
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3a~3d
Figure 4~5a
AI summary
In order to provide a method for optimizing the separating method for a given sample system by means of asymmetrical field flow fractioning, with which the optimum geometric parameters of the separating channel and/or the optimum process parameter for carrying out the separation process can be determined in a simple way for a predetermined optimization goal, according to the invention first a fractogram is performed for the sample system with the aid of a test measurement using an existing separating channel (1) with the sample components to be analyzed. From said fractogram, for example, the retention times for two peaks are taken, which belong to two sample components to be analyzed having different diffusion coefficients. The retention time of the first peak, together with the predetermined geometric parameters of the separating channel (1) and the predetermined process parameters, which led to the measured fractogram, are entered into a computer (7). Said computer calculates the diffusion coefficient associated with said sample component to be analyzed from said parameters by means of a simulation program. Finally, a (calculated) fractogram corresponding to the measured fractogram is displayed on a monitor by means of the simulation program. All relevant parameters are varied until an optimum fractogram is obtained on the monitor of the computer. The parameters predetermined for obtaining said calculated fractogram are then used for the actual measurements to be carried out and/or for the production of a new separating channel (1).