Asymmetric Gap Durations for V2X Co-Channel Coexistence

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing Radio Access Technologies (RATs) for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications, such as IEEE-based W-V2X and 3GPP-based C-V2X, lack mechanisms for coexistence and interoperability, leading to inefficient sharing of radio resources and potential interference.

Innovation Solution

The proposed solution involves the use of Edge Network entities to support dynamic channel allocation and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) approaches, allowing multiple V2X RATs to coexist by dynamically adjusting gap durations between transmission intervals based on time synchronization accuracies and locally observed penetration levels.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If multiple V2X RATs operate in the same communication channel without coexistence mechanisms, then each RAT can independently transmit data, but interference occurs and radio resource sharing becomes inefficient

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveradio resource sharing efficiencyVSAvoidinterference between RATs

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The communication channel is segmented into distinct time slots for different V2X RATs using Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). Each RAT is allocated specific time intervals for transmission, preventing simultaneous access and eliminating interference while maintaining efficient resource utilization through structured time-based partitioning.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements periodic transmission intervals with guard periods between different RAT transmissions. This periodic structure allows each RAT to transmit in its designated time windows while guard periods prevent overlap and interference, enabling efficient coexistence through rhythmic, scheduled access patterns.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #19Periodic action

2Productivity

If fixed gap durations are used between transmission intervals, then the frame structure is simple, but spectral efficiency is reduced due to excessive guard periods

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvespectral efficiencyVSAvoidframe structure complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The gap durations between transmission intervals are made dynamic rather than fixed. The system adjusts gap lengths based on observed penetration levels and synchronization accuracy requirements, reducing guard period overhead when conditions permit and increasing them when needed, thereby optimizing spectral efficiency while adapting to changing channel conditions.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the temporal parameters of the frame structure by adjusting gap durations according to observed penetration levels. When penetration levels indicate good synchronization, gap durations are reduced to maximize spectral efficiency, while larger gaps are introduced when synchronization challenges arise, optimizing performance through parameter adaptation.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If asymmetric gap durations are implemented based on penetration levels, then spectral efficiency is improved, but the system requires dynamic adjustment mechanisms

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvespectral efficiencyVSAvoiddynamic gap adjustment capability

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSExtent of automation

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements feedback mechanisms that monitor penetration levels and synchronization accuracy in real-time. Based on this feedback, the system dynamically adjusts gap durations to optimize spectral efficiency, automatically increasing gaps when synchronization issues are detected and reducing them when conditions are favorable, creating a self-regulating coexistence mechanism.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The V2X RATs perform self-adjustment of their transmission parameters based on locally observed penetration levels. Each RAT autonomously modifies its gap durations and time slot allocations according to channel conditions and synchronization requirements, enabling distributed, self-organizing coexistence without centralized control.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #25Self-service

4Object-affected harmful factors

If TDM approaches are used for coexistence, then interference between RATs is reduced, but time synchronization accuracy requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveinterference between RATsVSAvoidtime synchronization accuracy

Core Design Contradiction:

Object-affected harmful factorsVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system introduces guard periods as cushioning intervals between transmissions from different RATs. These pre-planned protective gaps accommodate synchronization inaccuracies by providing temporal buffers that prevent interference even when timing drift occurs, cushioning the system against synchronization errors before they cause harmful interference.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Data Source

PatentUS12302391B2Intelligent transport system co-channel coexistence frame structure with asymmetric gap durations

Publication Date: 2025.05.13 INTEL CORP

AI summary

The present disclosure describes co-channel coexistence mechanisms for mitigating interference between multiple radio access technologies (RATS) that operate in the same or neighbouring channels, frequency bands, and/or bandwidths. The co-channel coexistence mechanisms include variable transmission intervals including variable gaps or guard periods, and utilizing network allocation vectors (NAV). Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.