Asynchronous Concurrent Transaction Processing for Permissioned Blockchain
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current blockchain systems, particularly permissioned blockchains, face performance limitations due to bottlenecks in transaction processing and concurrency control, especially in the Ethereum system, where the EVM's design struggles to support modern programming languages and increasing smart contract applications, and the OEV architecture restricts performance with lock overhead and insufficient concurrency.
Innovation Solution
An asynchronous and concurrent transaction processing method is introduced, utilizing deterministic concurrency control without locks, multi-node round-robin consensus, and inter-node auxiliary concurrency to enhance transaction processing performance, including steps like constructing local hash rings, time wheel synchronization, and block generation with a consistent hash algorithm to improve reliability and reduce equipment costs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If the EVM is continuously upgraded to support increasing smart contract applications and modern programming languages, then the adaptability and versatility improve, but the device complexity and maintenance burden increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the transaction processing system into multiple independent nodes, each capable of autonomous execution. Instead of upgrading a centralized EVM, the system divides functionality across nodes that can independently process transactions using the same bytecode interpretation logic, reducing the complexity burden on any single component.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates copies of the transaction processing logic across multiple nodes. Each node maintains a copy of the execution environment and can independently interpret smart contract bytecode, eliminating the need for centralized EVM upgrades and allowing parallel processing without increasing single-node complexity.
2Reliability
If the OEV architecture uses lock-based concurrency control to ensure transaction consistency, then the reliability improves, but the productivity and processing speed deteriorate due to lock overhead
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the locking mechanism from the concurrency control system and replaces it with a lock-free approach. Each node independently determines transaction execution order through deterministic algorithms, removing the need for inter-node locks and eliminating the overhead that limits processing throughput while maintaining consistency through cryptographic verification.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical lock-based concurrency control system with a cryptographic verification system. Instead of using locks to prevent conflicts, the system uses deterministic transaction ordering algorithms and cryptographic proofs to ensure consistency, eliminating the mechanical bottlenecks of lock acquisition and release operations.
3Productivity
If more nodes are added to increase processing capacity, then the productivity improves, but the equipment costs and system complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs nodes with universal functionality where each node can perform multiple roles: transaction validation, execution, and consensus participation. This multi-functionality reduces overall system complexity compared to specialized node architectures, as each node implements the same core logic and can operate independently in various capacities.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the scalability parameter from vertical (upgrading single nodes) to horizontal (adding nodes). The system is designed so that processing capacity scales linearly with the number of nodes through parameter optimization, where each additional node contributes proportionally to throughput without exponentially increasing coordination complexity.
4Productivity
If deterministic concurrency control without locks is implemented, then the productivity improves by eliminating lock overhead, but the difficulty of detecting and measuring transaction conflicts increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements feedback mechanisms where nodes continuously monitor and report transaction execution results, including conflict detection information. Each node provides feedback on whether its locally determined execution order conflicts with other nodes, allowing the system to detect and resolve conflicts through iterative verification without using locks.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary conflict detection through deterministic transaction ordering algorithms before execution. Nodes pre-calculate execution orders based on transaction hashes and timestamps, identifying potential conflicts in advance through cryptographic verification, which simplifies the detection process compared to post-execution analysis in lock-free systems.
Data Source
AI summary
An asynchronous and concurrent transaction processing method with high-performance oriented to a permissioned blockchain belongs to the field of blockchain technologies. The method designs two processing schemes for abort transactions, namely, additional submission of unnecessary abort transactions that are serializable and delayed centralized processing of long-conflict-chain transaction aggregation. In order to avoid the instability of system transaction processing performance caused by single point failure, the method designs a multi-node round robin consensus strategy. In addition, an inter-node auxiliary concurrency acceleration scheme is designed, which can improve the transaction performance of the whole of the system only by upgrading some of node devices in the system.