Atmospheric Cold Steam Engine for Low-Temperature Heat Conversion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current heat engines and generators inefficiently convert low-temperature thermal energy into mechanical energy, leading to environmental pollution, while heat pumps produce thermal energy of inadequate quality for further conversion, and existing devices for converting low-temperature thermal energy into mechanical energy have limitations such as short-term operation or low energy efficiency.

Innovation Solution

The atmospheric cold steam engine utilizes two refrigerant fluids to cyclically absorb and concentrate low-temperature thermal energy from the environment, inducing changes in volume and pressure to generate mechanical energy, with a continuous operation principle that suppresses atmospheric pressure to transform thermal energy into mechanical energy.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If heat pumps are used to collect and concentrate low-temperature thermal energy, then thermal energy is transformed into higher temperature thermal energy, but the temperature is not high enough to be transformed effectively into mechanical or electrical energy

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature of thermal energyVSAvoidenergy conversion efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes phase transitions of the working substance (evaporation and condensation) to enable effective energy conversion. The substance evaporates at low temperature absorbing thermal energy, then condenses at higher temperature releasing energy that can drive the piston, thus resolving the temperature insufficiency problem while maintaining effective energy conversion

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameters of the working substance through cyclic compression and expansion. The compressor increases pressure and temperature of the vapor, while the expansion chamber allows pressure equalization and condensation. These parameter changes enable the substance to effectively transfer thermal energy into mechanical work

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Power

If conventional heat engines operate under the Carnot cycle within a certain temperature range, then mechanical energy is generated, but low-temperature thermal energy is released into the environment as waste

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical energy generationVSAvoidlow-temperature thermal energy waste
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the system self-sufficient by using the low-temperature thermal energy that would otherwise be waste to drive the evaporation process. The working substance absorbs this low-grade thermal energy during evaporation, converting it into useful mechanical work through the piston mechanism, thus eliminating energy waste and creating a self-sustaining cycle

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs phase transitions to capture and utilize low-temperature thermal energy. During evaporation, the working substance absorbs low-temperature thermal energy from the environment or waste heat sources. This absorbed energy is then converted into mechanical work through condensation-driven pressure changes, transforming previously wasted energy into useful power

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

3Power

If devices are designed to convert low-temperature thermal energy into mechanical energy using phase transitions, then mechanical energy is generated, but the devices can only operate in short-term mode until all liquefied gases evaporate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical energy generationVSAvoidoperation duration
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent establishes continuous operation by implementing a closed cyclic process. The working substance continuously evaporates, compresses, condenses, and expands in a repeating cycle. The piston mechanism and valve system ensure that each cycle regenerates the conditions for the next cycle, enabling indefinite continuous operation rather than single-use depletion

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs periodic cyclic action with distinct phases: evaporation, compression, condensation, and expansion. Each phase prepares the system for the next phase in a repeating sequence. The periodic opening and closing of valves, combined with the reciprocating piston motion, creates a self-renewing cycle that maintains operation indefinitely

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for the efficient conversion of low-temperature thermal energy into mechanical energy, potentially increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption, with the ability to reuse thermal energy and supply mechanical energy to consumers or engine units, achieving up to 50% mechanical energy output from thermal energy input.

Implementation Method 1

the material is cyclically changed from the liquid phase to gaseous, and back... using the phase-transition heat of the material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase transition (evaporation): Phase Change

Implementation Method 2

collecting and concentrating the low-temperature thermal energy... the material is cyclically changed from the liquid phase to gaseous

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal energy absorption: Evaporation

Implementation Method 3

the material is cyclically changed from the liquid phase to gaseous, and back... using the phase-transition heat of the material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase transition (condensation): Condensation

Implementation Method 4

atmospheric pressure is suppressed with the help of heat absorbed from the environment... atmospheric pressure transforms the thermal energy transmitted to the material into mechanical energy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAtmospheric pressure: Pressure Increase

Data Source

PatentEP3457052B1The atmospheric cold steam engine and operating method thereof
Publication Date: 2020.01.08 VILNIAUS GEDIMINO TECHNOS UNIVTAS
  • EP3457052B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2

AI summary

The invention relates to the atmospheric cold steam engine for generating mechanical energy through the use of atmospheric pressure and environmental thermal energy or excess of low temperature thermal energy released during production processes. The operating principle of the atmospheric cold steam engine is based on the characteristic of the materials to absorb or release the thermal energy during their transition from liquid to gaseous phases and vice versa. The purpose of the invention is to expand the possibilities of the heat pump by converting the thermal energy collected from the environment into the mechanical energy. The mechanical energy thus obtained can be used for the compressor of the same heat pump or be transformed into another type of an energy (electricity etc.) to be used by consumers in need.