Audio Codec Transform Length Switching for Transient Signals

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing frequency-domain audio coding systems face challenges in achieving satisfactory quality for audio signals with prominent transients, such as rain or applause, at low bitrates, due to issues like time-smearing and inefficiencies in long or short block coding.

Innovation Solution

A frequency-domain audio codec is enhanced to support switching between different transform lengths, allowing for interleaved transmission of frequency-domain coefficients, independent of signalization, to maintain backward compatibility and improve coding efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If long block coding is used, then spectral resolution is improved, but temporal resolution deteriorates causing time-smearing and pre-echo

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectral resolutionVSAvoidtemporal resolution
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The audio signal is divided into multiple blocks of different lengths (short, medium, long) allowing the system to segment the processing into appropriate temporal and spectral resolutions for different signal characteristics

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Manufacturing precision

If short block coding is used, then temporal resolution is improved, but spectral resolution deteriorates and data overhead increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemporal resolutionVSAvoidspectral resolution
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The block length is dynamically adjusted based on the temporal stationarity of the signal, allowing the system to switch between short, medium, and long blocks to optimize both spectral and temporal resolution for different audio content

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Adaptability or versatility

If a new transform length is added to existing codecs, then adaptability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransform length supportVSAvoidcodec structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The interleaving mechanism allows the same transmission structure to carry both traditional long-block coefficients and new medium-block coefficients, enabling existing decoders to process the bitstream while enhanced decoders can utilize the additional transform length option

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Productivity

If transform length switching is implemented, then coding efficiency is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoding efficiencyVSAvoidprocessing structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The frequency-domain coefficients are pre-arranged in an interleaved pattern during encoding, which simplifies the decoding process by allowing straightforward extraction and processing without complex reorganization operations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP4191581B1Frequency-domain audio coding supporting transform length switching
Publication Date: 2024.03.27 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP4191581B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4191581B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4191581B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

A frequency-domain audio codec is provided with the ability to additionally support a certain transform length in a backward-compatible manner, by the following: the frequency-domain coefficients of a respective frame are transmitted in an interleaved manner irrespective of the signalization signaling for the frames as to which transform length actually applies, and additionally the frequency-domain coefficient extraction and the scale factor extraction operate independent from the signalization. By this measure, old-fashioned frequency-domain audio coders/decoders, insensitive for the signalization, would be able to nevertheless operate without faults and with reproducing a reasonable quality. Concurrently, frequency-domain audio coders/decoders able to support the additional transform length would offer even better quality despite the backward compatibility. As far as coding efficiency penalties due to the coding of the frequency domain coefficients in a manner transparent for older decoders are concerned, same are of comparatively minor nature due to the interleaving.