Autonomous Driving Sensor Redundancy for Partial Malfunction Safety

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current autonomous driving systems for transport vehicles, particularly at SAE Automation levels 2 and 3, lack a safe solution to handle partial malfunctions and ensure minimal risk safety maneuvers, especially in scenarios where driver attention is not continuously required.

Innovation Solution

A redundant environment sensor architecture is implemented, where multiple sensors (radar, camera, ultrasonic, and Lidar devices) simultaneously observe the same portion of the environment, providing redundancy and insensitivity to different environmental impacts, enabling safe autonomous operation even after a partial malfunction.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a single sensor is used for environment observation, then the device complexity is reduced, but the reliability decreases when partial malfunction occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem reliabilityVSAvoidsensor architecture complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The environment observation function is segmented across multiple sensor types (radar, camera, ultrasonic, Lidar), each observing specific portions of the environment. This segmentation allows the system to maintain observation coverage even when one sensor malfunctions, resolving the contradiction between reliability and complexity by distributing the observational load across independent sensor units.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements beforehand cushioning by deploying redundant sensors that observe the same or overlapping environment portions. When a sensor malfunction occurs, the redundant sensors provide backup observation data, cushioning against the reliability loss and enabling continued safe operation through minimal risk maneuvers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

2Reliability

If multiple sensors observe the same environment portion, then the reliability improves through redundancy, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveobservation reliabilityVSAvoidsensor system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple sensor types (radar, camera, ultrasonic, Lidar) are configured to perform the universal function of environment observation across different portions and conditions. Each sensor type brings unique capabilities (radar for all-weather operation, camera for visual recognition, ultrasonic for close-range detection, Lidar for precise ranging), allowing the system to maintain reliable observation through multi-functional sensor redundancy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Adaptability or versatility

If different types of sensors are used, then the insensitivity to environmental impacts improves, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenvironmental adaptabilityVSAvoidsensor diversity complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs parameter changes by utilizing sensors that operate on different physical principles and detection parameters. Radar operates on electromagnetic wave reflection, camera on optical absorption, ultrasonic on acoustic wave reflection, and Lidar on laser time-of-flight measurement. This diversity of detection parameters enables the system to adapt to various environmental conditions (darkness, rain, fog) and reduces sensitivity to specific environmental impacts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration allows for reliable and safe autonomous driving, including docking maneuvers, by ensuring that environmental observations can continue uninterrupted even if one sensor malfunctions, maintaining safety and reducing risk.

Implementation Method 1

the first environment sensor is a radar device attached at the rear side of the vehicle such that it looks rearwards

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRadar: Radar

Implementation Method 2

the second environment sensor or one of the second environment sensors is a camera device attached at the rear side of the vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotography: Photography

Implementation Method 3

the second environment sensor or one of the second environment sensors is an ultrasonic sensor device attached at the rear side of the vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic detection: Ultrasound

Implementation Method 4

the second environment sensor or one of the second environment sensors is a Lidar device attached at the rear side of the vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLidar: LIDAR

Data Source

PatentEP3627183B1Control system for autonomous driving of a vehicle
Publication Date: 2022.05.11 KNORR BREMSE SYSTEME FUER NUTZFAHIZEUGE GMBH
  • EP3627183B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

A control system (2) for autonomous driving of a vehicle (1) for enabling a safe operation of autonomously driving vehicle (1) is provided, The control system comprises a first environment sensor attached at a specific location of the vehicle (1) configured to observe a specific portion of environments (13) of the vehicle, and at least one second environment sensor attached at any specific location of the vehicle (1) configured to observe at least a portion of the specific portion of environments (13) of the vehicle (1).