Autonomous Semi-Trailer Coupling With Omnidirectional Shunting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing tractor-based systems for transporting semi-trailers in factory settings are inefficient due to the need for human operation, lack of agility, and high gasoline consumption for short trips.
Innovation Solution
A driverless transport vehicle equipped with a coupling device, sensors, and an omnidirectional drive system, capable of automatically coupling with a semi-trailer and navigating through factory premises with precision.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If conventional tractor units are used for transporting semi-trailers in factory settings, then the transport task can be performed, but human operation is required and maneuverability is poor
Solution Approach 1:
The transport vehicle is equipped with automated coupling devices including sensors, fifth wheel couplings, and locking mechanisms that enable self-coupling and self-uncoupling with semi-trailers without human intervention. The vehicle autonomously performs coupling operations by detecting the kingpin position and executing the coupling sequence automatically.
Solution Approach 2:
Manual mechanical coupling operations are replaced with an automated system comprising sensors for detecting kingpin position, control units for processing sensor data, and automated coupling mechanisms including fifth wheel couplings and locking devices that perform the coupling function automatically.
2Ease of operation
If conventional tractor units are used for transporting semi-trailers in factory settings, then the transport task can be performed, but maneuverability is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The vehicle employs an omnidirectional drive system with independently controllable wheel modules that enable movement in any direction including lateral and diagonal motion. This dynamic drive configuration allows the vehicle to perform complex shunting maneuvers, tight turns, and precise positioning within factory premises without requiring large turning radii.
3Productivity
If conventional tractor units are used for short trips within factory premises, then transport can be performed, but fuel consumption is high
Solution Approach 1:
The transport vehicle autonomously optimizes its routing and scheduling decisions using onboard sensors and control systems to determine the most efficient paths between locations within the factory. The system can perform multiple tasks in optimal sequence and adjust routes dynamically to minimize total travel distance and energy consumption.
4Extent of automation
If automated coupling devices with sensors are added to the transport vehicle, then automated coupling is enabled, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The coupling device is designed as a universal system that can handle different types of semi-trailers and kingpin configurations using the same fifth wheel coupling mechanism. The sensor system and control unit are programmed to recognize and adapt to various coupling scenarios, making the device versatile rather than requiring specialized equipment for each trailer type.
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
AI summary
The invention relates to a driverless transport vehicle (1) for moving a semi-trailer. The driverless transport vehicle (1) comprises a coupling device (4) for automatically coupling the driverless transport vehicle (1) to a kingpin (3) of the semi-trailer. The invention also relates to a method for moving a semi-trailer (2) using a driverless transport vehicle (1).