Autonomous Farm Vehicle Path Hierarchy for Collision Avoidance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Agricultural operations in large fields face challenges with collisions between autonomous vehicles due to unexpected obstacles or deviations from planned paths, which can lead to potential collisions between vehicles, highlighting the need for an effective collision avoidance system.

Innovation Solution

A system that provides a mission plan for autonomous vehicles, establishes a hierarchy among them, and monitors for collision events, revising paths in real-time to avoid collisions by adjusting the paths of lower-priority vehicles using a leader-follower approach and collision avoidance processes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If autonomous vehicles are deployed to conduct agricultural operations independently, then productivity and operational efficiency are improved, but the risk of collisions between vehicles increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveagricultural operational efficiencyVSAvoidcollision avoidance
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A centralized server acts as an intermediary between multiple autonomous vehicles, receiving location and status data from all vehicles, processing collision risk assessments, and distributing revised path instructions. This mediator coordinates vehicle movements to prevent collisions while maintaining independent autonomous operation of each vehicle.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system continuously monitors vehicle locations, speeds, and path deviations, providing real-time feedback to the centralized server. When potential collisions are detected, the server sends corrective path adjustments back to the vehicles, creating a closed-loop control system that dynamically prevents collisions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Adaptability or versatility

If vehicles deviate from planned paths to avoid unexpected obstacles, then operational flexibility is improved, but the likelihood of collision with other vehicles increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepath deviation capabilityVSAvoidcollision risk
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

When a vehicle detects an obstacle and requests path deviation, the centralized server receives this feedback, assesses the new path against other vehicles' current and predicted locations, and either approves the deviation or provides an alternative path that avoids both the obstacle and other vehicles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary collision risk assessment before allowing path deviations. By predicting future vehicle positions and evaluating potential conflict scenarios in advance, the server prevents deviations that would create collision risks while still allowing necessary obstacle avoidance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

3Reliability

If real-time monitoring and path revision systems are implemented, then collision avoidance is improved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecollision avoidanceVSAvoidsystem architecture
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

A centralized server consolidates the computational complexity of real-time collision assessment and path revision, allowing individual vehicles to maintain simpler autonomous control systems. The server performs the heavy lifting of multi-vehicle coordination while vehicles execute received instructions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system pre-calculates multiple potential path options and collision scenarios, storing them in advance. When real-time collision risks are detected, the system retrieves and activates pre-computed solution paths rather than performing complex real-time optimization, reducing computational burden during critical moments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3451814B1System for avoiding collisions between autonomous vehicles conducting agricultural operations
Publication Date: 2021.01.20 CNH IND ITALIA SPA
  • EP3451814B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3451814B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3451814B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention provides a system for conducting agricultural operations in a field using autonomous vehicles in which a collision avoidance mechanism may be provided. The system may include providing a mission plan for autonomous vehicles to conduct agricultural operations, establishing a hierarchy for the vehicles, and monitoring for an event conditions indicating vehicles are traveling toward a collision with respect to one another. Upon receiving an event condition, the system may revise the mission plan to adjust a path of one of the vehicles based on the hierarchy in order to avoid the collision.