Axial-Piston Motion Conversion Device with Spatial Sinusoidal Groove
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing axial-piston systems for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion suffer from inefficiencies due to long kinematic chains, high friction, and limited torque and power output, as most designs utilize numerous contacts and kinematic units that lead to instability and reduced efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A device with a kinematic chain comprising external and internal rings connected to the piston and output shaft, featuring a spatial sinusoidal groove and spherical sockets, where the rings consist of multiple segments performing synchronized reciprocating motion, reducing contact stress and increasing power loading capacity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a long kinematic chain with multiple contacts is used for motion conversion, then the mechanism can achieve reciprocating to rotary motion conversion, but the total friction and deformation instability increase
Solution Approach 1:
The mechanism is divided into discrete kinematic units (pistons, rings, balls, grooves) that work in parallel. Each unit handles a portion of the motion conversion, reducing the contact chain length within each unit while maintaining overall system functionality through coordinated operation of multiple segments.
Solution Approach 2:
Spherical balls are used as contact elements in curved spatial grooves, replacing traditional flat or linear contact surfaces. This curvature enables smoother motion transitions and reduces contact stress concentrations, thereby lowering friction losses while maintaining mechanism stability.
2Productivity
If traditional crank-connecting rod or inclined plate mechanisms are used, then motion conversion is achieved, but the number of contacts and friction increase
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple functional elements are merged into integrated components. The rings serve both as structural supports and as carriers for the spherical contact elements. The spatial grooves combine guidance and force transmission functions, reducing the total number of separate kinematic units needed.
Solution Approach 2:
The rings perform multiple functions simultaneously: they support the pistons, guide the spherical balls, transmit forces, and maintain structural integrity. This multi-functionality reduces the need for additional specialized components, simplifying the overall mechanism while maintaining high power output capability.
3Force
If the tilt plate angle is increased to increase torque, then the radial component increases, but the axial component presses the bearings excessively
Solution Approach 1:
The spherical geometry of the contact balls distributed along the curved spatial groove allows for optimized force vector distribution. The curvature enables the mechanism to achieve high torque through radial force components without creating excessive axial loading on bearings, as the spherical contacts naturally distribute loads more evenly across multiple support points.
4Power
If one piston performs only one working stroke per shaft revolution, then the mechanism is simple, but the torque and power are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses multiple pistons arranged in parallel, each contributing to the overall power output. The segmentation of the rotation ring into multiple segments (each with its own piston) allows simultaneous multi-stroke operation, increasing total power output while maintaining relatively simple individual piston mechanisms.
Solution Approach 2:
The synchronized operation of multiple pistons ensures continuous useful action throughout the rotation cycle. As one piston completes its stroke, another is already positioned to begin its working stroke, eliminating idle periods and maximizing power delivery continuity, thereby increasing overall system power output.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device enhances power loading and torque efficiency by minimizing contact stress and kinematic chain length, allowing for multiple cycles of rotary and reciprocating motion conversion with improved power transmission and reduced mechanical instability.
Implementation Method 1
a spatial sinusoidal groove with a 1/2 circular cross-section or spherical sockets is/are made on the inner surface of the outer ring and reverse spherical sockets or spatial sinusoidal groove is/are formed on the outer surface of the inner ring
Implementation Method 2
balls, lying in spherical sockets and in spatial, sinusoidal groove with a 1/2 circular cross-section
Data Source
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AI summary
Device for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion and vice versa, in axial-piston mechanical systems The invention relates to a highly efficient device for converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotary movement of the shaft and vice versa in the axial-piston, mechanical systems of engines, pumps and compressors, which has an increased contact resistance to the power load, and makes it possible to increase several times the torque, as a result of a shorter kinematic chain and overcoming the kinematic constraints on the torque of the output shaft that are created by the working stroke of the pistons. Four types of the Device have been developed, where the kinematic chain in two of them has three links, and in the other two - four links, finding application respectively in the structures of hydraulic motors and pumps, and internal combustion engines. The Device is also used in air piston compressors, and can be used in all other devices that include mechanisms for converting a reciprocating motion into rotary motion and vice versa.