Azide Reagent Suppresses Hemoglobin Interference in Glucose Electrode
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing enzyme-electrode method for measuring glucose concentration in blood specimens is hindered by hemoglobin, which reacts with hydrogen peroxide, leading to inaccurate results due to the inhibitor's interference, and preventing hemolytic activity is impractical and burdensome.
Innovation Solution
A method involving a reagent with an azide compound as a suppressing agent to transform hemoglobin into methemoglobin, combined with a supporting electrolyte like sodium chloride, is used to suppress the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and hemoglobin, allowing for accurate glucose concentration measurement using an enzyme electrode system.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Extent of automation
If the enzyme-electrode method is used to measure glucose concentration, then the measurement can be performed automatically, but hemoglobin in the specimen reacts with hydrogen peroxide and inhibits the electrode reaction, reducing measurement accuracy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an azide compound as an intermediary substance that selectively reacts with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin, which does not react with hydrogen peroxide. This intermediary action blocks the harmful interaction between hemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide, allowing the glucose measurement to proceed accurately without manual intervention to prevent hemolysis.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the harmful reaction between hemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide into a beneficial process by using the azide compound to transform hemoglobin into methemoglobin. This transformation eliminates the interference while maintaining the automated measurement process, turning the presence of hemoglobin from a problem into a manageable condition.
2Measurement precision
If precautions are taken to prevent hemolytic activity during transportation and preservation, then hemoglobin interference can be reduced, but the handling steps become complicated and time-consuming
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables the measurement system to automatically handle the hemoglobin interference issue through the azide compound, which self-reacts with hemoglobin in the specimen. This eliminates the need for manual precautions during transportation and preservation, as the chemical intervention occurs automatically during the measurement process itself.
Solution Approach 2:
The azide compound is pre-added to the reagent, so that when the reagent contacts the blood specimen, the hemoglobin is immediately transformed into methemoglobin before it can interfere with the hydrogen peroxide reaction. This preliminary chemical action prevents the harmful interaction without requiring prior manual intervention.
3Ease of operation
If the reaction between hemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide is allowed to proceed, then the electrode output shows lower values, but preventing this reaction requires additional suppressing agents and reagent components
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple functions into a single reagent formulation: the azide compound serves both as a hemoglobin suppression agent and as part of the measurement chemistry, while sodium chloride provides both ionic strength adjustment and supports the electrode reaction. This merging of functions maintains operational simplicity while ensuring accurate measurements.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach improves measurement accuracy and reproducibility by stabilizing the oxidation current and reducing the variability caused by hemoglobin interference, enhancing the reliability of glucose concentration measurements.
Implementation Method 1
an azide compound as a suppressing agent for suppressing the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and hemoglobin by transforming hemoglobin into methemoglobin
Implementation Method 2
an enzyme immobilized film 34, a hydrogen peroxide selective transmission film 35, and a hydrogen peroxide electrode 36
Implementation Method 3
electrons are removed at an electrode from hydrogen peroxide generated by oxidizing glucose with an enzyme
Implementation Method 4
a glucose concentration is calculated based on a current value measured at the time in the electrode
Implementation Method 5
sodium chloride or potassium chloride as a supporting electrolyte
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3
Figure 4~5
AI summary
The present invention relates to a method, a reagent and a device for measuring a substrate concentration based on an amount of hydrogen peroxide generated from a substrate. In the present invention, a suppressing agent for suppressing a reaction between the hydrogen peroxide and an inhibitor is added. As the suppressing agent, an azide compound such as sodium azide or a nitrite compound such as sodium nitrite is used. In the invention, a supporting electrolyte, such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride may be further added.