Azimuthal Multiplexing 3D Diffractive Optics
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Solution Overview
Problem
Three-dimensional diffractive optics have not been fully explored due to their physical and mathematical complexity, including inconsistent wavefront propagation, limited degrees of freedom, and the need for multiplexing that increases information, which is challenging to achieve with existing technologies.
Innovation Solution
The development of azimuthal optical multiplexing systems using three-dimensional diffractive optics with multilayer diffractive optical elements, where multiple pages of information are encoded and read out by rotating diffractive layers, employing an iterative projection optimization algorithm for inverse design and experimental realization through photolithographically fabricated multilevel phase layers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of information
If multiple pages of information are encoded in 3D diffractive optics, then information capacity increases, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from 2D diffractive optical elements to 3D volumetric diffractive optics, adding the depth dimension to encode multiple information pages. By utilizing the third dimension (z-axis) with multiple diffractive layers at different depths, the system achieves multiplexing of multiple information pages simultaneously, thereby increasing information capacity without proportionally increasing device complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The 3D diffractive optical element is segmented into multiple discrete diffractive layers positioned at different depths along the optical axis. Each layer can be independently designed and optimized, allowing complex information encoding to be divided into manageable segments. This segmentation approach enables high information capacity while maintaining manufacturability through separate fabrication and assembly of individual layers
2Loss of information
If 3D diffractive optics are used for multiplexing, then information capacity increases, but manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The 3D diffractive optical element is divided into multiple discrete layers that can be fabricated separately using standard 2D photolithography techniques. Each layer is manufactured independently with conventional precision requirements, then assembled in sequence along the optical axis. This segmentation approach avoids the need for complex 3D manufacturing while achieving volumetric multiplexing functionality
Solution Approach 2:
Transparent spacer layers are introduced between the diffractive layers to maintain precise spacing and alignment. These intermediary spacers serve as positioning elements that define the optical path length between layers, enabling accurate reconstruction of the 3D diffractive structure without requiring direct 3D printing or complex alignment fixtures
3Adaptability or versatility
If diffractive layers are rotated for reading information, then multiplexing capability increases, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates rotational degrees of freedom into the diffractive optical element, allowing certain layers to rotate relative to others. This dynamic capability enables different information pages to be selectively accessed by rotating to specific angular positions, providing multiplexing functionality. The rotation mechanism is integrated into the layered structure, minimizing additional complexity while maximizing versatility
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables efficient multiplexing and higher information capacity by rotating diffractive layers, allowing for independent information distribution and retrieval with minimal crosstalk, enhancing diffraction efficiency and providing new functionalities like space-variant functions and multiplexing.
Implementation Method 1
three-dimensional diffractive optics
Implementation Method 2
The structured or patterned surface is configured to modulate light directed along the optical path and through the two or more plates
Implementation Method 3
multiple pages of information are encoded and can be read out across independent channels by rotating one or more diffractive layers (also referred to herein as plates) with respect to the others
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods for azimuthal multiplexing using three-dimensional diffractive optics An azimuthal optical multiplexing system includes a light source. The system includes two or more at least partially transparent plates. Each plate of the two or more plates has a structured or patterned surface positioned in an optical path of the light source. The system includes means for rotating at least one plate of the two or more plates axially with respect to at least one other plate of the two or more plates. The means for rotating is operatively coupled to the at least one plate. The structured or patterned surface is configured to modulate light directed along the optical path and through the two or more plates.