Aziridine-Modified Hydrolysable Silanes for Elastomer Coupling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current hydrolysable silanes used as coupling agents for diene elastomer compositions and fillers face limitations in bonding efficiency under processing conditions, particularly in reacting with C=C bonds of elastomers and forming strong bonds with fillers.
Innovation Solution
Development of novel hydrolysable silanes containing an aziridine ring, specifically formulated as Y—OC(O)—(Az)—Z, where Y and Z are hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl groups, capable of reacting through cycloaddition with elastomer C=C bonds and hydrolyzing to form strong bonds with fillers, prepared by reacting alkyl or substituted alkyl 2,3-dibromopropionates with amines.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional hydrolysable silanes are used as coupling agents, then they can bond to fillers through hydrolysis, but their bonding efficiency with diene elastomers under processing conditions is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The invention combines two functional groups into a single silane molecule: a hydrolyzable silane group (for filler bonding) and an aziridine ring with C=C bonds (for elastomer bonding). This composite structure allows the coupling agent to perform both functions simultaneously, resolving the contradiction between filler bonding capability and elastomer reactivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical structure parameter of the silane by introducing an aziridine ring containing C=C bonds. This structural modification enables the silane to undergo cycloaddition reactions with diene elastomers under processing conditions, significantly improving bonding efficiency while maintaining filler bonding capability through the hydrolyzable silane group.
2Strength
If the silane structure is modified to react with elastomers, then bonding with diene elastomers improves, but the ability to form strong bonds with fillers through hydrolysis may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The silane molecule is segmented into distinct functional domains: a hydrolyzable silane group segment (for filler bonding) and an aziridine-containing organic segment (for elastomer bonding). This segmentation allows each part to perform its specific function independently while working together as a unified coupling agent, achieving strong elastomer bonding without compromising filler bonding capability.
3Reliability
If conventional silanes are used, then the processing conditions are simple, but the bonding performance under processing conditions is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The coupling agent is pre-synthesized with both required functional groups (hydrolyzable silane and aziridine C=C bonds) incorporated into the molecular structure before application. This preliminary action ensures that the dual functionality is built-in, allowing the coupling agent to perform both filler bonding and elastomer bonding under standard processing conditions without requiring additional steps or complex manufacturing procedures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The novel silanes effectively bond with diene elastomers and fillers, enhancing the coupling agent's performance by forming strong and stable connections, thereby improving the properties of elastomer products like tires.
Implementation Method 1
reacting through the aziridine ring which reacts with C═C bonds of the elastomer through cycloaddition
Implementation Method 2
bonding strongly to fillers through hydrolysis of the silane group
Data Source
AI summary
This invention relates to hydrolysable silanes useful in the modification of elastomers, and as coupling agents for diene elastomer compositions containing a filler. In particular the invention relates to novel hydrolysable silanes containing an aziridine ring herein named (Az).