Metabolic Priming for BA Dye Photodynamic Tumor Regression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing photodynamic therapy (PDT) methods, particularly using benzophenoxazinium, benzophenothiazinium, and benzophenoseleazinium dyes (BAs), exhibit variable and low eradication rates for tumors, especially non-immunogenic tumors, necessitating a method for consistent and high eradication rates.
Innovation Solution
Increasing metabolic activity levels in the subject and tumor cells above basal levels through metabolic substrates like glucose, glutamine, and insulin, followed by BA-PDT, to enhance phototoxic and immunogenic effectiveness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional BA-PDT is used to treat tumors, then the treatment can be administered, but the eradication rate remains variable and low especially for non-immunogenic tumors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the metabolic parameters of the tumor microenvironment by increasing glucose, glutamine, and insulin levels before and after BA-PDT treatment. This metabolic modulation creates favorable conditions that enhance phototoxicity and immunogenic cell death, thereby improving tumor eradication rates from variable/low to consistent/high levels.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary metabolic modulation by administering glucose, glutamine, and insulin before the BA-PDT treatment to prime the tumor microenvironment. This preliminary action enhances the subsequent phototoxic and immunogenic effects, leading to improved tumor destruction efficiency and eradication rates.
2Productivity
If metabolic activity is increased in tumor cells to enhance phototoxicity, then tumor destruction is improved, but normal cell metabolism is also affected
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by creating a metabolically distinct tumor microenvironment through selective accumulation of glucose, glutamine, and insulin within the tumor. This localized metabolic modulation enhances phototoxicity at the tumor site while minimizing systemic effects, as the metabolic substrates are preferentially taken up by tumor cells with high metabolic activity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Significantly enhances tumor eradication rates by synergistically increasing metabolic activity, leading to robust tumor destruction and long-term remission.
Implementation Method 1
irradiation of the photosensitizer-laden tumor mass with light of an appropriate wavelength (i.e., in the therapeutic window of wavelengths between 600 to 700 nm, actinic light). This irradiation transfers energy to the photosensitizer in a manner that causes its conversion into a phototoxin
Implementation Method 2
The phototoxin is then able to chemically interact with surrounding molecules and alter them, e.g., via oxidation-reduction reactions or via the transfer of its energy to nearby oxygen, to generate singlet (excited state) oxygen
Implementation Method 3
a positive delocalized charge, high efficiency for absorbing light with a wavelength >600 nm (correlating with the light wavelengths in the 'therapeutic window')
Data Source
AI summary
Methods for treating cancer and/or inducing tumor regression in mammals (e.g., humans) by increasing the metabolism of the mammal, administering a BA dye to the mammal, and thereafter exposing the tumor to actinic light for activation of the BA dye.