Bacillus-Derived Nanovesicle Quantification for Disease Diagnosis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods lack a reliable and effective way to diagnose cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, or metabolic diseases by quantifying vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Bacillus in clinical samples.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the extraction of DNA from vesicles isolated from patient samples, followed by PCR using primers for the 16S rDNA sequence to detect Bacillus-derived vesicles, and subsequent quantitative analysis to diagnose the mentioned diseases.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If pathogenic bacteria-derived vesicles are absorbed in the human body, then they can be used to diagnose cancer, inflammatory diseases or metabolic diseases, but current methods lack the capability to reliably quantify these vesicles in clinical samples
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses an intermediary approach by employing specific molecular markers (16S rRNA sequences for bacteria, human-specific sequences) to indirectly detect and quantify bacterial vesicles. Instead of directly measuring vesicle properties, the method detects bacterial genetic material within vesicles using PCR amplification, providing a reliable proxy measurement that resolves the contradiction between measurement precision and diagnosis reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces mechanical/physical detection methods with biochemical detection. Instead of relying on physical separation or visualization techniques, the invention uses PCR amplification and sequencing to detect bacterial vesicles, substituting mechanical systems with biochemical reactions that provide higher sensitivity and reliability for vesicle quantification
2Adaptability or versatility
If bacteria-derived nanovesicles are used for information exchange with human cells, then they can pass through the mucous membrane and be absorbed into the human body, but this same mechanism allows pathogenic vesicles to cause inflammatory diseases and cancer
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful presence of pathogenic bacterial vesicles into a beneficial diagnostic opportunity. By detecting and quantifying these previously harmful agents, the method transforms them from disease-causing factors into diagnostic markers that enable early detection and monitoring of cancer, inflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces molecular markers (16S rRNA sequences) as intermediaries to distinguish between harmful pathogenic vesicles and beneficial commensal vesicles. This intermediary detection method allows selective identification of pathogenic species without affecting the natural transport and absorption mechanisms of all bacterial vesicles
3Adaptability or versatility
If the number of microbial genes is over 100-fold larger than human genes, then the microbiome has great effect on human health and diseases, but this complexity makes it difficult to identify specific disease-related bacterial vesicles
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and isolates specific bacterial vesicles from the complex microbiome mixture using size-based separation techniques. By physically separating bacterial vesicles (100 nm or less) from other microbiome components and using specific PCR primers for 16S rRNA, the method extracts the relevant diagnostic signal from the overwhelming background complexity of microbial genes
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by focusing detection on specific bacterial taxa known to be associated with diseases of interest. Instead of attempting to analyze all microbial genes uniformly, the method uses taxon-specific PCR primers to concentrate detection efforts on locally relevant bacterial populations that have proven disease associations, reducing complexity while maintaining diagnostic power
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method provides a means for diagnosing cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, or metabolic diseases by identifying reduced levels of Bacillus-derived vesicles in patient samples, and also offers a composition using these vesicles for prevention or treatment of these conditions.
Implementation Method 1
extracting DNA from vesicles isolated from samples
Implementation Method 2
obtaining a PCR product by performing PCR on the extracted DNA using a primer pair for detecting vesicles derived from bacteria of the genus Bacillus, present in a 16S rDNA sequence
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are vesicles derived from the genus Bacillus bacteria and a use thereof. Further, the vesicles are significantly reduced in samples of patients with cancers, such as liver cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer; inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and atopic dermatitis; or metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and cirrhosis, compared with normal persons, and the vesicles inhibited the secretion of inflammatory mediators by pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, which are causative factors of inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and the like. Therefore, the vesicles derived from the genus Bacillus bacteria according to the subject matter can be advantageously used for the purpose of developing a diagnostic method for cancer, inflammatory diseases, and metabolic diseases, and a preventive or therapeutic composition therefor.