Combustion Chamber Backfire Detection With Isolating Sensor Conduit
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing detection systems for backfires in hydrogen-fired gas turbines with cluster burners face challenges in ease of maintenance and applicability to combustion apparatuses with a large number of fuel nozzles, leading to difficulties in continuous detection and frequent extensive maintenance.
Innovation Solution
A detection apparatus with a conduit and sensor system that allows for continuous operation by closing off the sensor space during maintenance, using a conduit with an opening/closing part to connect to the combustion chamber, enabling detection of backfires through physical quantity measurement without obstructing the optical path and facilitating easy application to large-scale systems.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a conventional detection system is used in hydrogen-fired gas turbines with cluster burners, then backfire detection is possible, but maintenance becomes difficult and frequent extensive maintenance is required
Solution Approach 1:
The detection system is segmented into modular components: the conduit with opening/closing part is separated from the sensor, allowing the sensor to be maintained independently without shutting down the combustion system. The conduit remains in place while only the sensor portion requires maintenance access.
Solution Approach 2:
The conduit acts as an intermediary component between the combustion chamber and the sensor. It includes an opening/closing part that mediates the connection, allowing the sensor to be disconnected or maintained while the combustion system continues operating, thus facilitating easier maintenance.
2Measurement precision
If a detection system with direct sensor access to combustion chamber is used, then detection accuracy is high, but the system becomes complex and difficult to apply to large-scale combustion apparatuses with many fuel nozzles
Solution Approach 1:
The conduit with opening/closing part serves multiple functions: it provides a physical connection between the combustion chamber and sensor, enables selective opening/closing for maintenance purposes, and can be universally applied to combustion chambers with various numbers of fuel nozzles. This multi-functional design reduces overall system complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The sensor is extracted from direct placement within the combustion chamber and positioned externally, connected only through the conduit. This extraction simplifies the system by removing the need for complex internal sensor mounting structures while maintaining detection capability through the conduit connection.
3Speed
If the sensor is positioned inside the combustion chamber for direct detection, then detection responsiveness is fast, but sensor replacement requires system shutdown
Solution Approach 1:
The opening/closing part of the conduit provides dynamic control over sensor access to the combustion chamber. The conduit can be opened for quick sensor replacement or closed to isolate the sensor during combustion operation, enabling rapid maintenance without full system shutdown while maintaining detection responsiveness when open.
Solution Approach 2:
The conduit with opening/closing part is pre-installed in the combustion chamber before sensor maintenance is needed. This preliminary setup allows sensors to be quickly replaced through the pre-positioned conduit without requiring time-consuming system shutdowns or complex installation procedures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate and continuous detection of backfires in large-scale combustion apparatuses with minimal maintenance, allowing for timely sensor replacement and fuel supply control to prevent accidents.
Implementation Method 1
a sensor (21) configured to measure a physical quantity in the interior of the combustion chamber (31) via the conduit (11)
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
A detection apparatus (10) for detecting a backfire in a combustion chamber (31) that burns fuel supplied from a supply port includes a conduit (11) connected to an interior of the combustion chamber (31) through an opening (111) provided in a sidewall of the combustion chamber (31), a sensor (21) configured to measure a physical quantity in the interior of the combustion chamber (31) via the conduit (11), and a detector (22) that detects a backfire in the combustion chamber (31) based on a measured value of the physical quantity measured by the sensor (21). The conduit (11) includes an opening/closing part (14) that can open and close an internal space between the combustion chamber (31) and the sensor (21).