Backscatter X-Ray Inspection for Real-Time Additive Build Defect Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current additive manufacturing processes face inefficiencies due to the slow detection of operational flaws, which can lead to defective parts and significant resource waste, especially when building complex and expensive structures, as existing quality assurance methods often require dissection and are not real-time.

Innovation Solution

A backscatter x-ray inspection and monitoring system that allows for real-time detection of operational flaws during the additive manufacturing process, enabling immediate corrective actions and reducing material waste by identifying issues such as dimensional errors, lack of fusion, or machine malfunctions before the build is complete.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If traditional quality assurance methods are used to inspect additive manufactured parts, then manufacturing precision can be verified, but productivity is reduced due to slow detection and part dissection requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequality verificationVSAvoidinspection speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements real-time monitoring during the additive manufacturing process, performing quality inspection actions before the build is complete. The system detects operational flaws such as lack of fusion, dimensional errors, or machine malfunctions during layer-by-layer construction, allowing early termination of defective builds and eliminating post-manufacturing dissection requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces physical dissection and mechanical inspection methods with non-contact optical sensing and imaging technologies. The system uses cameras and sensors to monitor the build process optically, substituting mechanical part breakdown with light-based detection that maintains manufacturing precision verification while dramatically improving inspection speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Productivity

If continuous monitoring is implemented during additive manufacturing, then productivity is improved through early flaw detection, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebuild efficiencyVSAvoidsystem configuration
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent integrates multiple monitoring functions into a single additive manufacturing system. The control system performs both manufacturing control and quality inspection functions, while sensors monitor multiple parameters (temperature, layer adhesion, dimensional accuracy) simultaneously. This multi-functionality improves productivity through continuous monitoring while minimizing additional device complexity by consolidating capabilities within existing system components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements self-monitoring and self-diagnosis capabilities where the additive manufacturing apparatus monitors its own operational parameters and detects flaws in real-time. The control system automatically identifies issues such as machine malfunctions or material defects during the build process, enabling the system to self-correct or terminate builds without external intervention, thereby improving productivity while keeping the monitoring system relatively simple.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Manufacturing precision

If real-time backscatter x-ray inspection is used, then manufacturing precision is maintained through immediate flaw detection, but loss of time occurs during data processing and analysis

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedefect detection accuracyVSAvoiddata processing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements continuous real-time monitoring where backscatter x-ray inspection occurs without interruption during the additive manufacturing process. Data acquisition, processing, and analysis happen continuously as each layer is built, maintaining manufacturing precision through uninterrupted defect detection while minimizing time loss by eliminating idle periods between inspection cycles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements real-time feedback loops where inspection data is immediately processed and analyzed, with results fed back to the control system without delay. This continuous feedback mechanism maintains manufacturing precision by enabling immediate detection and response to defects, while minimizing data processing time through optimized real-time analysis algorithms that provide instant quality verification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables real-time quality control, reduces material waste and build time, and maximizes manufacturing yields by allowing for the termination of flawed parts and proactive maintenance, ensuring that only high-quality parts are produced.

Implementation Method 1

obtain a backscatter x-ray scan of the build platform and layers of the part

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBackscatter x-ray: Scattering

Data Source

PatentEP3323617B1Method and system for x-ray backscatter inspection of additive manufactured parts
Publication Date: 2022.02.16 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP3323617B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3323617B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3323617B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method (400) for inspection of additive manufactured parts (140) and monitoring operational performance of an additive manufacturing apparatus (100) is provided. The method (400) includes a step of obtaining (430), in real-time during an additively manufactured build process, a backscatter x-ray scan of an area of a build platform (112). The build platform (112) is configured for supporting at least one part (140) during the build process. An evaluating step (440) evaluates, by a processor (602), the backscatter x-ray scan. A determining step (450) determines, based on the evaluating (440), whether an operational flaw with the additive manufacturing apparatus has occurred or a defect (201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206) in the at least one part has occurred. A backscatter x-ray system (160) has an emitter (161) that emits x-rays and a detector (162) that receives backscattered x-rays. The emitter (161) and detector (162) are located on a movable support (163) located above the build platform (112), and the movable support (163) raises and lowers the emitter (161) and detector (162) with respect to the build platform (112).