Backwards Injected Engine Fuel Atomization and Valve Cooling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing engine technologies face challenges in predicting exhaust tract pressure waves and managing fuel injection to prevent nitrogen oxide formation and internal valve stress due to high combustion temperatures and uneven thermal expansion.
Innovation Solution
The use of solid stream fuel injectors that deflect non-atomizing fuel or water streams onto exhaust valves to achieve efficient atomization, cooling, and even thermal distribution, thereby controlling combustion temperatures and reducing stress on valve components.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If conventional fuel injection methods are used, then fuel delivery is simple, but nitrogen oxide formation occurs due to high combustion temperatures
Solution Approach 1:
The fuel injection system is segmented into multiple injectors positioned at different locations (intake port, exhaust port, direct cylinder injection) with different injection timings. This segmentation allows staged fuel delivery that controls combustion temperature progression, preventing nitrogen oxide formation while maintaining system manageability through modular injector units.
Solution Approach 2:
Fuel is injected into the exhaust port before the exhaust valve opens, allowing pre-mixing of fuel with exhaust gases. This preliminary action creates a cooler combustion environment when the pre-mixed charge enters the cylinder, preventing nitrogen oxide formation before high-temperature combustion occurs.
2Power
If high combustion temperatures are used, then power output increases, but internal valve stress increases due to uneven thermal expansion
Solution Approach 1:
Fuel injection is applied locally at specific positions (intake port, exhaust port, direct cylinder) with different injection timings and quantities. This creates localized cooling zones around the valves and combustion chamber, reducing uneven thermal expansion and protecting valve components from excessive stress while maintaining high power output through controlled combustion.
Solution Approach 2:
Exhaust gases serve as an intermediary cooling medium. By injecting fuel into the exhaust port and allowing it to mix with exhaust gases before entry into the cylinder, the exhaust gases act as a heat transfer medium that absorbs combustion heat and distributes it more evenly, reducing thermal stress on valve components.
3Reliability
If fuel is injected early in the exhaust tract, then combustion is more complete, but exhaust tract pressure waves become unpredictable
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses feedback from exhaust tract pressure sensors and engine operating conditions to dynamically adjust injection timing and quantity. This feedback control allows the system to maintain complete combustion while compensating for varying pressure wave conditions, making the system adaptable to different operating scenarios without requiring precise predictive modeling.
Solution Approach 2:
The fuel injection system operates dynamically with variable injection timing, duration, and quantity based on real-time engine conditions. This dynamic operation allows the system to optimize combustion completeness while adapting to changing exhaust tract pressure wave patterns, reducing the need for precise static prediction.
Data Source
AI summary
Fuel is injected into and through the exhaust port and into the cylinder of the piston engine during the time when the flow is reversed from the normally expected flow. The engine is able to operate with some or all of its fuel injected backwards of conventional expectations. In another embodiment the fuel is injected with solid stream injector sprays directed against exhaust valves and ports and deflected into the piston cylinder against the flow of normally aspirated or supercharged engines. This invention can apply to gasoline or diesel cycles and four and two stroke type cycles of engine.