Baffled Power Distribution Cabinet for Compact Heat Separation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional power distribution equipment cabinets face challenges in managing heat generated by high heat-producing components without increasing the cabinet's size, which leads to higher costs, weight, and reduced floor space in data centers.

Innovation Solution

The design incorporates a baffle structure within the cabinet to create separate airflow compartments, channeling hot air from high heat-generating components upward and out of the cabinet through strategically positioned openings, while allowing cool air to enter and flow through lower compartments to cool heat-sensitive components, eliminating the need for exhaust fans and reducing overall dimensions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If the cabinet dimensions are increased to disperse heat from high heat-generating components, then heat management is improved, but the footprint and overall size of the cabinet increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat dispersionVSAvoidcabinet footprint
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The cabinet interior is segmented into distinct thermal zones using baffles and partition walls. A first compartment houses high heat-generating components (power transformers) while a second compartment houses heat-sensitive components (bus bars, breaker panels). This segmentation allows each zone to be optimized for its thermal requirements without requiring the entire cabinet to be oversized for heat dispersion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different regions of the cabinet are assigned different thermal characteristics. The first compartment is designed as a high-temperature zone with direct path for hot air exhaust, while the second compartment is designed as a low-temperature zone protected from direct heat exposure. This local differentiation of thermal quality allows effective heat management within a compact overall footprint.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If the cabinet dimensions are increased to prevent overheating of heat-sensitive components, then component protection is improved, but the cabinet weight and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent protection from heatVSAvoidcabinet weight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The cabinet is divided into thermally isolated compartments using baffles and partition walls. Heat-sensitive components in the second compartment are physically separated from the high-temperature zone containing power transformers. This segmentation provides reliable thermal protection without requiring excessive cabinet volume or weight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Baffles and partition walls act as thermal intermediaries between the high heat-generating components and heat-sensitive components. These structural elements block and redirect heat flow, protecting sensitive components while maintaining a compact cabinet design that does not require increased weight for additional cooling infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Temperature

If the cabinet dimensions are increased to ensure heat-sensitive components do not experience excessive heat, then thermal safety is improved, but packaging and shipping costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal safety of componentsVSAvoidpackaging and shipping cost
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The cabinet interior is segmented into thermal zones that efficiently contain and direct heat flows. This segmentation enables effective thermal management within a compact footprint, avoiding the need for oversized cabinets that would increase packaging volume and shipping costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes vertical space and three-dimensional airflow pathways to achieve effective heat management. Hot air is directed upward and rearward through designated exhaust openings, while cool air flows horizontally across heat-sensitive components. This multi-dimensional airflow organization provides thermal safety without requiring increased horizontal footprint, thereby reducing packaging and shipping requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution effectively manages heat without increasing the cabinet's footprint, reducing material and shipping costs, and ensuring heat-sensitive components remain cool, all while maintaining a compact and lightweight design.

Implementation Method 1

The baffle structure may be configured to channel the hot air generated from an electrical component housed in the high heat compartment upwardly and toward the opening at the upper end of the rear panel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 2

channel the hot air generated from an electrical component housed in the high heat compartment upwardly

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBuoyancy: Archimedes' Principle (Buoyancy)

Implementation Method 3

allowing cool air to enter and flow through lower compartments to cool heat-sensitive components

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 4

enabling hot air within the interior area of the equipment cabinet to be expelled from the equipment cabinet

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation: Thermal Radiation

Data Source

PatentEP4094551B1Airflow channel power distribution equipment cabinet
Publication Date: 2023.11.08 VERTIV CORP
  • EP4094551B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4094551B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4094551B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A power distribution cabinet is disclosed which includes multiple internal compartments for separating and channeling hot air generated by high heat generating components out of the cabinet without coming into contact with more heat sensitive components. The cabinet includes a baffle structure which forms an internal wall within the cabinet, which helps to form a high heat compartment and an upper compartment. The high heat compartment houses a heat generating component. Cool air is allowed to flow into a lower area of the cabinet and into the high heat compartment, and is also channeled into the upper compartment where at least one other heat generating component is located. The baffle structure channels hot air formed within the high heat compartment out toward a rear area of the equipment cabinet, while also helping to channel warm air created within the upper compartment through a top panel of the cabinet.