Balanced Impedance Ladder Duplexer for Low-Loss TX/RX Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Wireless communication systems face challenges in reducing insertion loss and efficiently isolating transmitter and receiver ports in transceivers, particularly due to the use of multiple duplexers and filters which consume space and result in power loss.
Innovation Solution
An electrical duplexer with a balanced impedance ladder (BIL) is introduced, utilizing transmitter and receiver bridges that are coupled in series or parallel, employing Wheatstone bridge principles to balance or unbalance impedance ratios, thereby isolating ports and reducing insertion loss by routing signals effectively.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple duplexers and switches are used to isolate transmitter and receiver ports, then signal isolation is improved, but device complexity and space consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple duplexers and switches into a single electrical balanced duplexer (EBD) circuit that integrates transmitter and receiver isolation functions. This merging reduces the number of discrete components while maintaining the required signal isolation between transmitter and receiver ports, directly addressing the contradiction between isolation performance and device complexity.
2Reliability
If multiple filters and switches are used in the PAD, then frequency filtering is improved, but space consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The electrical balanced duplexer integrates multiple filtering functions into a single compact circuit structure, replacing what would traditionally require multiple discrete filters. This merging approach maintains frequency filtering performance while significantly reducing the electronic footprint in the power amplifier duplexer assembly.
Solution Approach 2:
The EBD circuit performs multiple functions simultaneously - it provides frequency-dependent filtering, transmitter-receiver isolation, and signal routing capabilities within a single integrated structure. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate dedicated components for each function, thereby reducing overall space consumption.
3Device complexity
If an electrical balanced duplexer is used to replace filters and switches, then device complexity is reduced, but insertion loss increases
Solution Approach 1:
The electrical balanced duplexer employs dynamic impedance switching through active components (transistors or operational amplifiers) that adjust the circuit configuration based on whether the transmitter or receiver is active. This dynamic operation allows the EBD to maintain low insertion loss by optimizing the signal path impedance in real-time, compensating for the potential losses introduced by the integrated structure.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The BIL effectively reduces insertion loss and maintains isolation between transmitter and receiver ports, enhancing signal power transmission and reception while minimizing space consumption.
Implementation Method 1
The receiver bridge may be balanced based on the Wheatstone bridge principle by correlating or matching ratios of impedances of the two legs of the receiver bridge, thus causing approximately zero voltage to be applied across the receiver port.
Implementation Method 2
The transmitter bridge may be unbalanced based on the Wheatstone bridge principle by causing the ratios of impedances of the two legs of the transmitter bridge to be different
Data Source
AI summary
An electrical balance duplexer has multiple impedance gradients and multiple impedance tuners. The electrical balance duplexer transmits an outgoing signal from a transmitter during a transmission mode when a first set of impedance gradients of the multiple impedance gradients is operating in a first impedance state and a first set of impedance tuners of the multiple impedance tuners is operating in a second state. The electrical balance duplexer isolates the outgoing signal from a receiver during the transmission mode when a second set of impedance gradients of the multiple impedance gradients and a second set of impedance tuners of the multiple impedance tuners are operating in the second impedance state.