Balanced Power Amplifier Feed for Millimeter-Wave Loss Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing power amplifiers for millimeter-wave signals experience significant losses due to the challenges of efficiently amplifying high-frequency signals, particularly in 5G and other wireless communication networks.

Innovation Solution

A power amplifier design featuring a first and second power amplifier coupled to a common ground, with a 180-degree phase shift between their RF outputs, forming a balanced feed to reduce losses and enable efficient signal amplification for antennas.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If millimeter-wave signals are used for wireless communication, then bandwidth availability is improved, but signal loss increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebandwidth availabilityVSAvoidsignal loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The power amplifier is divided into two separate amplifiers (first and second power amplifiers) that operate independently but are coupled to a common ground. This segmentation allows for differential signaling where the RF outputs are shifted 180 degrees relative to each other, creating a balanced feed that reduces signal loss while maintaining the benefits of millimeter-wave bandwidth availability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Device complexity

If a common ground is used between power amplifiers, then device complexity is reduced, but signal integrity may worsen due to potential ground loops

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice complexityVSAvoidsignal integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces asymmetry in the form of a 180-degree phase shift between the RF outputs of the two power amplifiers. This asymmetric phase relationship creates a balanced differential signal where the return current flows through the common ground in a controlled manner, preventing ground loops while maintaining signal integrity and reducing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

3Loss of energy

If balanced feed configuration is implemented, then signal loss is reduced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal lossVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the ground connections of two separate power amplifiers into a single common ground structure. By combining the ground paths and utilizing the 180-degree phase-shifted RF outputs, the system achieves a balanced feed configuration that reduces signal loss without requiring separate ground structures for each amplifier, thereby limiting the increase in device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP3963713B1Power amplifier for antenna
Publication Date: 2025.07.09 TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY
  • EP3963713B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3963713B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3963713B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for an antenna, comprising, a first power amplifier and a second power amplifier and a common ground between the first power amplifier and the second power amplifier, wherein a Radio Frequency, RF, output of the first power amplifier is coupled to the common ground and a RF output of the second power amplifier is coupled to the common ground.