Ballistic Composite Foam Coating Eliminates Stitching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current ballistic protection materials are rigid, uncomfortable, and costly due to stitching, require multiple materials, and have suboptimal ballistic resistance/weight ratios, with some materials failing under high temperatures and lacking oil and water repellency.

Innovation Solution

A composite material with a ballistic fabric substrate coated with a polymer layer of acrylic and polyurethane resin foam, applied via foaming, which increases ballistic resistance without excessive weight, eliminating the need for stitching and anti-trauma elements, and allowing for simpler, more cost-effective production.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If stitches are used to hold fabric layers together, then resistance against deformation due to impact increases, but the packet becomes rigid and uncomfortable for the wearer

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresistance against deformationVSAvoidcomfort for wearer
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes stitches entirely from the ballistic protection system. Instead of using mechanical stitching to hold layers together, the invention relies on the inherent friction and interlocking between the textured fabric surfaces and the foam layers, eliminating the need for rigid stitching while maintaining structural integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses thin foam layers (3-10mm) with specific density (40-80 kg/m³) that provide both protection and flexibility. These foam films conform to the wearer's body contours, providing comfort while maintaining the necessary protective characteristics against impact deformation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

2Strength

If multiple types of materials are used to achieve desired performance, then ballistic resistance improves, but the method of preparing the packet becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveballistic resistanceVSAvoidpreparation method complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a standardized multi-layer construction where each layer type (textile fabric, foam, optional anti-trauma layer) serves multiple functions. The textile layers provide both ballistic resistance and structural integrity, while the foam layers simultaneously provide cushioning, layer bonding, and trauma reduction, reducing the need for specialized components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses consistent fabric construction across all textile layers with uniform thread count, weave pattern, and material composition. This homogeneity simplifies the manufacturing process by allowing standardized cutting, layering, and assembly procedures while maintaining consistent ballistic performance throughout the packet.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #33Homogeneity

3Object-affected harmful factors

If anti-trauma reinforcement layers are added to reduce trauma, then trauma limitation improves, but the packet becomes stiffer and less comfortable

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetrauma reductionVSAvoidcomfort for wearer
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies anti-trauma foam layers selectively only in specific regions where trauma risk is highest, such as the front and back panels of ballistic vests, while omitting them from side panels or areas requiring maximum flexibility. This localized application provides trauma protection where needed while preserving comfort and range of motion in other areas.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent varies the foam density and thickness parameters to optimize the balance between trauma reduction and comfort. By using lower density foams (40-80 kg/m³) with controlled thickness (3-10mm), the system provides adequate cushioning against impact trauma while maintaining sufficient flexibility for wearer comfort and movement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Strength

If unidirectional materials are used for ballistic fabric, then ballistic resistance is achieved, but the material cannot be subjected to usual finishing treatments for oil and water repellency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveballistic resistanceVSAvoidfinishing treatment capability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite structure combining the unidirectional ballistic fabric with foam layers and optional thermoplastic bonding layers. This composite construction allows the ballistic fabric to maintain its superior one-directional strength characteristics while the foam and bonding layers provide the necessary surface properties for finishing treatments, enabling oil and water repellency without compromising ballistic performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

5Strength

If more layers are added to increase ballistic resistance, then protection level improves, but the overall weight of the article increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveballistic resistanceVSAvoidweight of protection article
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the weight-to-protection ratio by carefully selecting and adjusting parameters including foam density (40-80 kg/m³), foam thickness (3-10mm per layer), fabric thread count, and layer consolidation. These parameter optimizations allow achieving required ballistic resistance levels with minimized material quantities and overall weight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a moderate number of layers (typically 3-5 layers total including textile and foam) rather than excessive layering, relying on the high effectiveness of each individual layer through optimized material selection and construction. This partial action approach achieves sufficient protection without the weight penalty of over-engineering with excessive layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The composite material achieves a superior ballistic resistance/weight ratio, resulting in lighter, more comfortable, and cost-effective ballistic protection articles with reduced material usage and improved performance under various conditions.

Implementation Method 1

a layer of polymer coating constituted by a foam comprising an acrylic resin and a polyurethane resin

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFoam deformation: Foam

Implementation Method 2

said polymer coating being applied on said surface at an amount ranging between 1-30 g of dry polymerised resin per square meter of substrate surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFoaming: Foam

Data Source

PatentUS8883661B2Composite material for ballistic protection and relative method of preparation
Publication Date: 2014.11.11 PROSYST

AI summary

The present invention regards a composite material for ballistic protection comprising a ballistic fabric substrate having at least one surface provided with a polymer coating obtainable through foaming and subsequent polymerization of a mixture comprising an acrylic resin and a polyurethane resin.The present invention further regards the method for preparing such composite material, as well as a laminated multilayer system, a packet for ballistic protection and an article for ballistic protection comprising such composite material.