Banki Turbine Diffuser Suction Pipe with Partitioned Boundary Chamber
Solution Overview
Problem
Banki system turbines face challenges in efficiently regulating water flow and utilizing the available water energy due to fluctuations in river flow rates, requiring a mechanism that can optimize water flow and energy utilization across varying conditions.
Innovation Solution
The integration of a diffuser suction pipe with a 'boundary chamber' divided by partition walls into three chambers, which maintains optimal negative pressure and kinetic energy utilization by ensuring sufficient water speed and pressure across the widest range of water flows, up to a ratio of 1:9, using a water sensor for regulation and air control.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If a conventional diffuser suction pipe is used without partition walls, then the structure is simple, but the negative pressure head cannot be optimally utilized across varying water flow rates
Solution Approach 1:
The diffuser suction pipe is divided into multiple chambers by partition walls, with each chamber independently regulating water flow through adjustable shut-off devices. This segmentation allows the system to maintain optimal negative pressure head across varying total water flow rates by distributing flow regulation across multiple zones, thereby resolving the contradiction between adaptability and structural simplicity.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If the water flow rate is reduced to maintain ecological throughflow, then environmental protection is improved, but the energy utilization of the turbine decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The system changes the parameter of water flow distribution by using adjustable shut-off devices in each chamber to optimize the flow rate through the turbine runner. This allows maintaining ecological minimum flow in the river while maximizing energy utilization by directing optimal flow through the turbine, effectively resolving the contradiction between environmental protection and energy utilization.
3Ease of manufacture
If a single turbine is used to replace multiple turbines, then investment cost is reduced, but the ability to handle flow fluctuations decreases
Solution Approach 1:
By dividing the diffuser suction pipe into multiple independently controllable chambers, a single turbine can handle flow fluctuations with the same flexibility as multiple turbines would provide. Each chamber can be independently regulated to adapt to changing flow conditions, allowing one turbine to replace multiple turbines while maintaining adaptability and reducing investment costs.
4Use of energy by moving object
If the output speed of water from the diffuser is increased, then the kinetic energy utilization is improved, but the negative pressure water column stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts the water flow characteristics by using adjustable shut-off devices in each chamber to optimize the balance between output speed and negative pressure stability. This allows the system to adapt to varying flow conditions, maintaining both kinetic energy utilization and water column stability across different operating scenarios.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enables maximum energy utilization from the water flow, maintaining optimal negative pressure and flow speed even at low water volumes, reducing hydraulic losses and preventing cavitation, thus enhancing the efficiency and adaptability of the turbine.
Implementation Method 1
the negative pressure head under the turbine rotor in the case of a larger water flow can be optimally used
Implementation Method 2
the diffuser suction pipe also uses the remaining kinetic energy of the outlet water by reducing the output speed
Implementation Method 3
it can achieve the optimum height of the negative pressure water column even with the smallest amount of water flow
Implementation Method 4
the flow velocity must be at least equal to or greater than 0.5 m / s even with a minimally utilized flow
Data Source
Figure 1~3
AI summary
The mechanism of the diffuser suction pipe (5 or 5a) with an internal separation chamber (8 or 8a) enables the Banki turbine with a shut-off device (3 or 3a) according to patent SI 22684 to optimally utilize the available head below the axis of the rotor (2 or 2a) of an installed turbine, maximizing the energy utilization of the water flow, which is provided up to a ratio of 1:9. The Banki turbine with the shut-off device according to patent SI 22684, in conjunction with the diffuser suction pipe according to the present invention, optimizes the energy utilization of the water flow in terms of volume flow and hydraulic head to the greatest energetically applicable extent. This innovative technique for regulating the water flow by the Banki turbine can offer a significant advantage over existing techniques and, in this application, over the more expensive Francis, Pelton, and Kaplan techniques.