Barium-Copper Silicon for Trichlorosilane Selectivity

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Solution Overview

Problem

The production of trichlorosilane by reacting silicon with HCl gas faces challenges in selectivity and reactivity due to contaminants in metallurgical grade silicon, leading to suboptimal product distribution and HCl conversion rates.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating barium and copper into the silicon, either through alloying or adding barium compounds and copper compounds, to control their content within specific ppm ranges, enhancing the selectivity of trichlorosilane production by adjusting the reaction conditions in fluidized, stirred, or solid bed reactors.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the temperature is increased to improve HCl conversion and reactivity, then the selectivity towards TCS decreases and approaches equilibrium composition with more STC formation

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveHCl conversionVSAvoidTCS selectivity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a new parameter (barium content in silicon feedstock) to control the reaction selectivity. By changing the chemical composition parameter of the silicon material rather than the process temperature, the system achieves high TCS selectivity while maintaining high HCl conversion rates that would normally require higher temperatures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

Barium acts as an intermediary substance that modifies the reaction pathway. The barium-containing silicon material mediates between HCl and silicon to preferentially form TCS over STC, effectively controlling product distribution without requiring precise temperature control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Ease of manufacture

If metallurgical grade silicon is used to reduce production cost, then contaminants affect reactivity and selectivity negatively

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduction costVSAvoidreactivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the typically harmful effect of barium (a contaminant in metallurgical silicon) into a beneficial effect. By intentionally introducing barium at controlled levels (40-10000 ppm), the previously harmful contaminant becomes a selectivity-enhancing additive that improves TCS production while using cost-effective metallurgical grade silicon.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the compositional parameter of the silicon feedstock by specifying barium content ranges. This parameter change transforms metallurgical grade silicon from an unsuitable low-cost material into an effective feedstock, resolving the contradiction between cost and performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Manufacturing precision

If barium content is increased beyond optimal range, then selectivity improvement diminishes or reverses

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveTCS selectivityVSAvoidprocess stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent establishes specific parameter ranges for barium content (40-10000 ppm) and copper content (40-10000 ppm) to optimize TCS selectivity. By defining these compositional parameters with upper and lower bounds, the process achieves reliable and reproducible high selectivity while avoiding the diminishing returns or negative effects of excessive barium addition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The controlled addition of barium and copper significantly increases trichlorosilane selectivity and maintains high HCl conversion rates, demonstrating a synergistic effect that improves the overall efficiency of the process.

Implementation Method 1

Incorporating barium and copper into the silicon, either through alloying or adding barium compounds and copper compounds, to control their content within specific ppm ranges, enhancing the selectivity of trichlorosilane production

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCatalysis: Catalysis

Implementation Method 2

reaction of silicon with HCl gas at a temperature between 250° and 1100°C and an absolute pressure of 0.5 - 30 atm in a fluidized bed reactor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluidisation: Fluidisation

Data Source

PatentEP2603456B1Method for production of trichlorosilane
Publication Date: 2017.04.19 ELKEM
  • EP2603456B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2603456B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2603456B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to a method for the production of trichlorosilane by reaction of silicon with HCI gas at a temperature between 250° and 1 100°C, and an absolute pressure of 0.5 - 30 atm in a fluidized bed reactor, in a stirred bed reactor or a solid bed reactor, where the silicon supplied to the reactor contains between 40 and 10.000 ppm by weight barium and optionally 40 -10000 ppm by weight copper The invention further relates to silicon for use in the production of trichlorosilane by reaction of silicon with HCI gas, containing between 40 and 10.000 ppm by weight barium and optionally 40 - 10000 ppm by weight copper, the remaining except for normal impurities being silicon.