Barley Grain SSIII Gene Modification for Amylose Yield Trade-off

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Solution Overview

Problem

There is a need for barley grain with improved agronomic performance and methods to produce it, specifically with reduced levels or activities of starch synthase III (SSIII) to maintain high amylose phenotype while potentially improving yield.

Innovation Solution

The development of barley grain with induced mutations or transgenes that reduce the expression of the SSIII gene, combined with mutations or transgenes that affect starch synthesis, catabolism, or non-starch carbohydrate synthesis, such as SSIIa, to achieve desired starch and non-starch component levels.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If SSIII gene expression is reduced, then amylose content and starch composition are improved, but yield and agronomic performance may deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveamylose contentVSAvoidyield

Core Design Contradiction:

Quantity of substanceVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the expression level of the SSIII gene through genetic variation (mutations or transgenes), thereby changing the enzymatic activity parameter to reduce amylopectin synthesis while maintaining amylose content, which resolves the contradiction between starch composition improvement and yield maintenance

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If SSIII gene expression is reduced, then starch structure and composition are improved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvestarch structure controlVSAvoidgenetic modification complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the SSIII gene function by introducing genetic variations (mutations or transgenes) that specifically target and reduce SSIII expression, thereby simplifying the overall system control to achieve precise starch structure modification without requiring complex multi-enzyme interventions

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Quantity of substance

If SSIII gene expression is reduced, then non-starch carbohydrate composition is improved, but loss of substance increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvenon-starch carbohydrate compositionVSAvoidcarbohydrate synthesis efficiency

Core Design Contradiction:

Quantity of substanceVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the enzymatic parameter by reducing SSIII expression, which selectively alters non-starch carbohydrate composition while maintaining overall carbohydrate synthesis efficiency, thereby resolving the contradiction between composition improvement and substance loss

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentUS11266171B2Production of food and beverage products from barley grain

Publication Date: 2022.03.08 THE HEALTHY GRAIN PTY LTD

AI summary

The present invention provides a process for producing a food ingredient or beverage ingredient. The present invention also provides a process for producing food product or beverage product. The present invention also provides a process for providing starch, amylose, amylopectin, β-glucan, fructan, non-starch polysaccharide, dietary fibre or resistant starch to improve one or more indicators of health in a mammal.