Fire-protective Coating with Basalt and Vermiculite
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current fire protection materials for construction, particularly in tunnel construction, lack resistance to mechanical pressure, abrasion, and freeze/thaw cycles, necessitating additional protective coatings and compromising their effectiveness.
Innovation Solution
A fireproofing composition comprising a hydraulic binder, basalt, and vermiculite, with specific weight proportions and particle sizes, which provides high mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, and adhesion, along with the option of an air entraining agent for improved heat dissipation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If perlite is added to cementitious systems to optimize fire resistance, then fire resistance is improved, but resistance to mechanical pressure deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite material system combining cementitious binder with specific proportions of basalt (35-65% by weight) and vermiculite (3-35% by weight). This composite approach allows the material to simultaneously achieve high mechanical strength from the basalt-cement matrix and fire resistance from the vermiculite's thermal insulation properties, resolving the contradiction between fire resistance and mechanical strength
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the particle size of basalt to 0.05-5 mm average diameter and controls the weight proportions of components within specific ranges. These parameter changes enable the mixture to develop high early strength and compressive strength while maintaining fire resistance, overcoming the weakness of conventional perlite-based systems
2Strength
If additional protective coating is added to compensate for low mechanical resistance, then mechanical resistance is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the fire protection function and mechanical protection function into a single integrated shotcrete layer. The fire protection composition itself provides both fire resistance and high mechanical strength, eliminating the need for separate protective coatings and simplifying the overall system while maintaining both functions
3Strength
If hydraulic binder, basalt and vermiculite are used with specific proportions, then compressive strength is improved, but early strength development may be affected
Solution Approach 1:
The patent specifies basalt particle size of 0.05-5 mm average diameter and controls the weight proportions of hydraulic binder, basalt, and vermiculite within specific ranges. These parameter optimizations ensure that the mixture develops high early strength, allowing tunneling activities to resume quickly while achieving the required 28-day compressive strength
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition achieves high compressive strength, resistance to abrasive loads, and effective adhesion, enabling prolonged fire resistance and facilitating tunnel construction by allowing early resumption of tunneling activities, while also withstanding freeze/thaw cycles and providing efficient heat dissipation.
Implementation Method 1
fire protection composition comprises hydraulic binder, basalt and vermiculite... after being mixed with water in the hardened state, has a high mechanical strength... resistance to abrasion... withstand fire for extended periods of time
Implementation Method 2
If the fire protection composition contains an air entraining agent. The air pores formed thereby allow additional heat to be dissipated
Implementation Method 3
fire protection composition comprises hydraulic binder... after being mixed with water in the hardened state
Data Source
AI summary
Fire protection composition comprising a hydraulic binder, 35-65% by weight, based on the total weight of the fire protection composition, of basalt having an average particle size of 0.05-5 mm and 3-35% by weight, based on the total weight of the fire protection composition, of vermiculite having an average particle size of 0.05 mm.