Base Station-AI Server IPSec Tunnel for Secure RAN Data Transfer

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wireless communication systems lack secure methods for transmitting user-plane and control-plane data between base stations and AI servers, which are crucial for training AI models and network automation.

Innovation Solution

Establishing a secure data transmission protocol using Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) and Internet Key Exchange (IKE) to create a data transport tunnel between base stations and AI servers, encrypting user-plane data, and exchanging cryptographic keys for secure control-plane data transmission.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If data transmission between base station and AI server is performed without encryption, then transmission speed and system complexity are improved, but security and data protection are worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata transmission securityVSAvoidprotocol complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces IPSec as an intermediary security protocol that operates at the network layer, mediating between the existing UP/CP signaling protocols and the underlying network infrastructure. This intermediary layer provides encryption and security functions without requiring modifications to the existing signaling protocols, thus improving security while maintaining protocol simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the data transmission into two distinct channels: control-plane signaling for configuration commands and user-plane signaling for measurement and training data. Each plane can be secured independently using IPSec, allowing selective application of security measures where needed without complicating the entire system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If IPSec protocol is implemented for secure transmission, then data protection is improved, but processing overhead and energy consumption are worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata protectionVSAvoidprocessing energy
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies IPSec encryption selectively only to the control-plane signaling channel, which carries critical configuration commands, while user-plane signaling for measurement data can use lighter security mechanisms or none at all. This partial application of strong encryption minimizes processing overhead and energy consumption while still protecting the most sensitive data.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Reliability

If cryptographic key exchange is performed for each connection, then security is improved, but connection establishment time is worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconnection securityVSAvoidconnection setup time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs cryptographic key exchange and IPSec security association establishment as preliminary actions during the initial connection setup phase. Once established, these security parameters remain valid for the duration of the connection, eliminating the need for repeated key exchanges during data transmission and thus reducing overall time loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

4Reliability

If network slicing isolation is implemented, then security between different networks is improved, but device complexity and configuration complexity are worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork isolation securityVSAvoidconfiguration complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a universal IPSec configuration framework that can be applied across multiple network slices and base stations using standardized parameters and procedures. This universal approach allows the same security mechanism to serve multiple isolation requirements, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining strong network separation security.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP4066529B1A method and apparatus for a secure connection between an artificial intelligence server and a base station node
Publication Date: 2026.02.11 ZTE CORP
  • EP4066529B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4066529B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4066529B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods and systems for securely sending user plane data from a base station to an Artificial Intelligence (AI) server via a mobile telecommunication network are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method performed by the base station located in a Radio Access Network (RAN) includes: sending an interface setup request to the (AI) server, receiving an interface setup response from the AI server, establishing, by exchanging cryptographic keys using an Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol, a data transport tunnel between the base station and the AI server based on an Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) network protocol, and sending the user plane data from the base station to the AI server for training artificial intelligence based models.