Base Station Antenna Phase Dispersion for Beam Squint Compensation
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Solution Overview
Problem
The increasing density of antenna arrays in base station antennas due to limited horizontal width causes deterioration in horizontal plane directivity pattern overlap ratios and beam pointing consistency, affecting performance.
Innovation Solution
A base station antenna with a phase dispersion circuit that adjusts the phase slope of electromagnetic signals for radiating elements with horizontal spacing, allowing bidirectional adjustment of beam pointings and improving overlap ratios and consistency across different frequencies.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If antenna arrays are arranged more densely in the horizontal direction to increase MIMO capability, then the quantity of antenna arrays increases, but the horizontal spacing between radiating elements decreases, causing deterioration in beam overlap ratio and pointing consistency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by introducing a phase dispersion circuit that dynamically adjusts the phase slope of signals fed to radiating elements. This compensates for the deteriorated beam overlap ratio caused by dense horizontal arrangement, allowing the system to maintain high MIMO capability while recovering beam pointing precision through electronic phase control rather than physical spacing adjustments
Solution Approach 2:
The phase dispersion circuit serves as an intermediary component between the signal source and radiating elements. It processes signals to apply frequency-dependent phase compensation, thereby mediating the adverse effect of dense horizontal arrangement on beam overlap ratio without requiring changes to the physical antenna structure
2Area of stationary object
If the width of the bottom plate is limited, then the overall antenna size is constrained, but antenna arrays seriously deviate from the central axis, causing deterioration in horizontal plane directivity pattern overlap ratio
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses parameter changes by adjusting the phase slope through the phase dispersion circuit to compensate for beam pointing deviations caused by limited bottom plate width. This allows arrays to be positioned closer to the center while maintaining proper beam overlap through electronic phase correction
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from spatial arrangement (horizontal positioning) to phase domain control for beam pointing adjustment. By manipulating phase parameters in the signal domain, the system compensates for physical constraints on the bottom plate width without requiring increased physical spacing
3Device complexity
If antenna arrays are arranged parallel to the bottom plate with limited width, then the structure is simple, but beam squint occurs at different frequencies, reducing overlap ratio and performance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by implementing frequency-dependent phase slope adjustment through the phase dispersion circuit. This compensates for beam squint effects that occur with simple parallel arrangements, maintaining beam pointing consistency across different frequencies without complicating the physical antenna structure
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The phase dispersion circuit enhances beam overlap ratios and pointing consistency, reducing beam squint and improving overall antenna performance, particularly in MIMO scenarios.
Implementation Method 1
the phase dispersion circuit is configured to adjust a phase slope of an electromagnetic signal of the first radiating element in an operating frequency band and/or a phase slope of an electromagnetic signal of the second radiating element in the operating frequency band
Implementation Method 2
Achievement of inverse frequency-dependent phase shift by using composite right/left-handed phase shifter
Data Source
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AI summary
This application provides a base station antenna and a base station, and relates to the field of communication technologies. The base station antenna includes a plurality of antenna arrays and a phase dispersion circuit. The plurality of antenna arrays include a plurality of radiating elements, and the plurality of radiating elements include a first radiating element and a second radiating element that have a horizontal spacing. The phase dispersion circuit is configured to adjust a phase slope of an electromagnetic signal of the first radiating element in an operating frequency band and/or a phase slope of an electromagnetic signal of the second radiating element in the operating frequency band. According to the base station antenna and the base station provided in this application, the phase dispersion circuit is used to feed the first radiating element and the second radiating element that have the horizontal spacing, and adjust the phase slope of the electromagnetic signal of the first radiating element in the operating frequency band and the phase slope of the electromagnetic signal of the second radiating element in the operating frequency band, so that the phase slope of the electromagnetic signal of the first radiating element is different from the phase slope of the electromagnetic signal of the second radiating element. Combined beam pointings of the first radiating element and the second radiating element at different frequencies are adjusted, and a horizontal plane directivity pattern overlap ratio of beams generated by a same antenna array operating at the different frequencies is improved.