Additive Manufacturing Base Thermal Homogeneity Control

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Additive manufacturing systems face issues with geometrical accuracy and mechanical properties due to temperature differentials between layers, leading to curling and warping, which can result in malfunction and increased build material waste.

Innovation Solution

A base with a minimum temperature and thermal uniformity is established by measuring thermal profiles and using feedback loops to modify the deposition of printing agents, such as fusing and detailing agents, to control heating and cooling across the base layers, reducing temperature variations and optimizing the build process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a base is formed from layers of build material at ambient temperature, then the base can be quickly prepared, but temperature differentials between layers cause curling and warping of the object

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebase preparation speedVSAvoidgeometrical accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The base layers are pre-heated to a controlled temperature before the object is built upon them. This preliminary thermal preparation eliminates temperature differentials that would otherwise cause curling and warping, while the base can still be formed quickly by laying down material layers and applying heat uniformly across the base area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Manufacturing precision

If zoned heating elements are used to heat each base layer differentially, then temperature uniformity can be achieved, but the number of sacrificial layers increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal uniformityVSAvoidbuild material waste
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

Printing agents are selectively applied to different zones of the base layers based on local temperature requirements. The system measures the thermal profile and determines a pattern of application for printing agents, applying them preferentially to areas that need additional heating or cooling to achieve the desired minimum temperature and thermal homogeneity, thereby reducing the need for excessive sacrificial layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Manufacturing precision

If printing agents are selectively deposited to control heating, then thermal homogeneity is improved, but the process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal homogeneityVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system measures the thermal profile of the base layers and uses this feedback information to dynamically determine the pattern of application for printing agents. The controller adjusts the deposition of printing agents based on real-time thermal measurements, applying them selectively to areas that need temperature adjustment. This closed-loop feedback control achieves thermal homogeneity while automating the complex decision-making process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances the build quality of 3D objects by reducing curling and warping, achieving superior mechanical properties and minimizing the number of sacrificial layers, thus reducing material waste and improving the efficiency of the additive manufacturing process.

Implementation Method 1

a radiation source (120) to heat the base of build material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation heating: Thermal Radiation

Implementation Method 2

a thermal sensor (130) to measure a thermal profile of the base

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInfrared detection: Infrared Radiation

Implementation Method 3

the printing agents may comprise a fusing agent and a detailing agent... the fusing agent is selectively applied to a layer in areas where particles of the build material are to fuse together

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentEP3436248B1Preparing a base for additive manufacturing
Publication Date: 2022.10.05 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3436248B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3436248B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3436248B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

Certain examples described herein relate to preparing a base of build material for additive manufacturing. The base is formed from layers of build material that do not form part of an object undergoing additive manufacture. The base is heated by the application of energy, for example using a radiation source. A thermal profile of the base is measured after heating and is used to determine a pattern of application of at least one printing agent to the base. The pattern of application is used to deposit the at least one printing agent upon the base, wherein the presence of the printing agent affects the heating of the base. In this way the pattern of application of printing agent may be used to effect a thermal homogeneity of the base.