Basic Azotetrazolate Pyrotechnic Igniter Composition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Pyrotechnic mixtures containing tetrazene are not thermally stable, as tetrazene decomposes at 120 °C, and zinc and chromium salts of 5,5'-azotetrazole are not storage stable, limiting their use in mechanical, electrical, or opto-electric ignition systems.
Innovation Solution
A pyrotechnic igniter composition comprising Zn2+(C2N10)2CO32-, Zn2+(C2N10)2(CO32-)2, Zn2+(C2N10)2(OH)2, or Zn2+(C2N10)2(OH)2 with a basic azotetrazolate component in a range of 30 to 100% by weight, along with additives such as oxidizing agents, sensitizers, reducing agents, and binders, enhancing thermal stability and sensitivity characteristics.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If zinc or chromium salts of 5,5'-azotetrazole are used as pyrotechnic ignition agents, then high ignition power is achieved, but storage stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by introducing a basic azotetrazolate component with specific basicity (30-100 wt%) and controlling the Zn2+ to azotetrazolate ratio. This parameter optimization achieves both high ignition power (deflagration temperature 180-240°C) and storage stability (no decomposition after 28 days at 71°C), resolving the contradiction between ignition performance and storage reliability.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If tetrazene is used as a sensitizer in pyrotechnic mixtures, then sensitivity is improved, but thermal stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent carefully controls the amount of tetrazene sensitizer at low concentrations (0-10 wt%) and optimizes it in combination with the basic azotetrazolate component. This parameter optimization provides sufficient sensitivity (impact sensitivity 0.1-0.5 J) while maintaining thermal stability (deflagration temperature 180-240°C), resolving the contradiction between sensitivity and thermal stability.
3Reliability
If the proportion of basic azotetrazolate component is increased to improve storage stability, then thermal stability improves, but ignition power may deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent identifies an optimal parameter range for the basic azotetrazolate component at 30-100 wt%, where sufficient basicity ensures storage stability (no decomposition after 28 days at 71°C) while maintaining high ignition power (deflagration temperature 180-240°C). This parameter optimization resolves the contradiction between storage stability and ignition power.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The new pyrotechnic igniter exhibits improved thermal stability, with deflagration temperatures between 180 °C to 240 °C, reduced sensitivities, and storage stability up to 71 °C for 28 days, enabling efficient and safe ignition with reduced explosive mass in mechanical, electrical, or opto-electric systems.
Implementation Method 1
The novel basic azotetrazolate compounds according to the invention have deflagration temperatures in the range of 180 °C to 240 °C
Implementation Method 2
tetrazene decomposes at 120 °C
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic igniting agent, which contains basic salts of 5,5'-azotetrazole having the general empirical formula: Mm+ n (C2N10 2-) p (CO3 2-) q (OH-) r , wherein: M is an element of the 3rd to 12th group of the periodic table having an atomic number in the range of 21-80, (C2N10 2-) is an azotetrazolate dianion having the structure (AA), m is the valence of the cation, n is an integer from 1 to 6, p is an integer from 1 to 4, q is an integer from 0 to 8, r is an integer from 0 to 4, and q + r ≠ 0, wherein the fraction of the basic azotetrazolate component is 30 to 100 wt% and 0 to 70 wt% of an additive or mixtures of a plurality of additives is contained.