Battery Box Venting Structure for Thermal Runaway Emissions

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing battery technologies face safety challenges due to the risk of thermal runaway and pressure buildup, which can lead to explosions and fires, particularly because emissions from pressure relief mechanisms can cause short circuits and further thermal issues if not managed effectively.

Innovation Solution

A battery box design incorporating an electrical chamber, a thermal management component, and a collection chamber with pressure relief zones to manage emissions, where the thermal management component separates the electrical and collection chambers, and pressure relief zones on the collection chamber walls allow timely discharge of emissions, reducing pressure and temperature within the collection chamber.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a pressure relief mechanism is added to the battery cell, then safety is improved by relieving internal pressure, but the risk of thermal runaway and explosions increases if emissions are not managed effectively

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebattery safetyVSAvoidthermal runaway risk
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the harmful emissions from the battery cell by introducing a pressure relief mechanism that directs emissions away from the battery cell through a discharge channel to an emission discharge structure, thereby isolating the harmful factors from the battery system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary thermal management component between the battery cell and the external environment. This component includes a discharge channel and emission discharge structure that mediates the release of emissions, cooling them down and directing them away from the battery cell to prevent thermal runaway

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Stress or pressure

If emissions are contained in a closed collection chamber, then pressure buildup is controlled, but temperature and pressure in the collection chamber increase leading to potential explosions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepressure controlVSAvoidcollection chamber temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
Stress or pressureVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the parameters of the collection chamber by introducing a first pressure relief zone with different structural characteristics (thinner wall thickness or weakened region) compared to the main chamber body. This allows the chamber to maintain structural integrity for pressure containment while providing a controlled weak point for pressure and temperature relief when thresholds are exceeded

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Strength

If the collection chamber wall is made strong to maintain structural integrity, then collision safety is improved, but pressure relief capability is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecollection chamber strengthVSAvoidpressure relief capability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating a first pressure relief zone with locally reduced strength (thinner wall thickness or weakened region) in a specific area of the collection chamber wall, while the rest of the chamber maintains full structural strength. This localized modification allows pressure relief without compromising overall structural integrity and collision safety

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enhances battery safety by ensuring timely discharge of emissions, reducing the risk of explosions and further thermal runaway, while maintaining structural integrity and collision safety performance.

Implementation Method 1

a thermal management component, configured to accommodate a fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

a first pressure relief zone, and the first pressure relief zone is configured to relieve the emissions in the collection chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure relief: Depressurisation

Data Source

PatentEP4092818B1Battery box body, battery, electric device, and method for preparing box body
Publication Date: 2024.01.10 CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG) LIMITED
  • EP4092818B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP4092818B1 patent drawingFigure 4~6
  • EP4092818B1 patent drawingFigure 7~9

AI summary

Embodiments of the present application provide a box of a battery, a battery, a power consumption device, and a method and apparatus for producing a box. The box includes: an electrical chamber configured to accommodate a plurality of battery cells, a battery cell including a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism being configured to be actuated when an internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold, to relieve the internal pressure; a thermal management component configured to accommodate a fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell; and a collection chamber configured to collect emissions discharged from the battery cell and passing through the thermal management component when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, where the electrical chamber and the collection chamber are disposed on both sides of the thermal management component, the thermal management component is configured to separate the electrical chamber and the collection chamber, a wall of the collection chamber is provided with a first pressure relief zone, and the first pressure relief zone is configured to relieve the emissions in the collection chamber. The present application provides a box of a battery, a battery, a power consumption device, and a method and apparatus for producing a box, which can enhance the safety of the battery.