Battery Box Wall Fire-Fighting Chamber for Thermal Runaway
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Solution Overview
Problem
Battery safety during thermal runaway events is compromised due to the accumulation of emissions, which can lead to fires or explosions, as existing pressure-relief mechanisms do not effectively manage the release of high-temperature and high-pressure substances, posing a significant safety hazard.
Innovation Solution
A box design incorporating a first chamber for the battery cell and a second chamber for a fire-fighting agent, where the two chambers communicate during thermal runaway, allowing the fire-fighting agent to release a medium to extinguish or dilute emissions, with mechanisms such as electric control valves and weak members to control and enhance the release process.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a pressure-relief mechanism is added to release emissions during thermal runaway, then the risk of fire or explosion is reduced, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The fire-fighting agent is nested within the box wall structure, with the second chamber integrated into the wall thickness. This nesting approach allows the fire-fighting system to be embedded within the existing box structure, adding safety functionality without significantly increasing overall device complexity or external dimensions.
Solution Approach 2:
The box is segmented into multiple functional chambers: the first chamber for battery cells, the second chamber within the wall for fire-fighting agent, and communication passages connecting them. This segmentation allows independent functionality of each chamber while maintaining a compact integrated structure.
2Speed
If fire-fighting agent is stored in the box wall, then the response speed is improved, but the manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The fire-fighting agent is pre-loaded into the second chamber during the box manufacturing process, before the box is assembled with the battery cells. The communication passages are also pre-formed during manufacturing. This preliminary action ensures that when thermal runaway occurs, the fire-fighting agent is immediately available for rapid deployment without requiring complex real-time loading mechanisms.
3Speed
If the second chamber pressure is maintained higher than the first chamber, then the fire-fighting medium release speed is improved, but the control precision is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The system utilizes pressure differential as a triggering parameter. When the pressure in the second chamber exceeds a threshold (higher than the first chamber pressure), the communication passage automatically opens, allowing rapid fire-fighting medium release. This parameter-based trigger simplifies control while maintaining fast response, as the pressure differential naturally drives the release without requiring complex active control systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively mitigates the risk of fires and explosions by quickly releasing fire-fighting agents into the first chamber to dilute or extinguish combustible gases, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery and surrounding environment during thermal runaway events.
Implementation Method 1
when the first chamber and the second chamber are not in communication, internal pressure of the second chamber is greater than that of the first chamber
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are a box, a battery, an electrical device, and a method for manufacturing the battery, which belong to the technical field of energy storage devices. The box is applicable to a battery, the battery includes a battery cell, in which the box includes a plurality of box walls, in which the plurality of box walls enclose a first chamber for accommodating the battery cell, and at least one of the box walls is internally provided with a second chamber for accommodating fire-fighting agent, in which the first chamber and the second chamber are configured to be able to communicate with each other when the battery cell is thermal-runaway, so that the fire-fighting agent releases fire-fighting medium into the first chamber. The box, the battery, the electrical device and the method for manufacturing the battery can improve the safety performance of the battery.