Battery Box Isolation Structure for Thermal Runaway Venting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current battery technologies face safety challenges due to thermal runaway, where high-pressure and high-temperature emissions from battery cells can cause explosions and fires, and existing discharge methods can damage the battery box and pose risks to the external environment.
Innovation Solution
A battery box design with a thermal management component that isolates the electrical chamber from a collection chamber, featuring a pressure relief mechanism and a staggered pressure relief region, which directs emissions through an extended path to reduce temperature and minimize external impact, ensuring safe discharge and preventing electrical short-circuits.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If emissions are discharged directly from the battery cell, then the pressure relief mechanism functions quickly, but the emissions cause electrical short-circuits and thermal damage to surrounding components
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a collection chamber as an intermediary component between the battery cell and the external environment. When the pressure relief mechanism activates, emissions are first directed into the collection chamber rather than directly to the electrical chamber. This intermediary space allows emissions to be contained and cooled before any potential discharge to the exterior, preventing direct contact with electrical components and eliminating the short-circuit hazard while maintaining the pressure relief function.
2Speed
If emissions are discharged through a short path, then the pressure relief mechanism responds quickly, but the emissions retain high temperature and cause external environmental damage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extends the emissions discharge path by introducing a spatial dimension through the collection chamber. Instead of a direct linear path from the battery cell to the exterior, emissions must traverse through the collection chamber volume first. This dimensional extension of the discharge path provides additional distance and time for heat dissipation, allowing emissions to cool down significantly before reaching the external environment, thus reducing thermal damage risk while maintaining acceptable pressure relief speed.
3Reliability
If the thermal management component isolates the electrical chamber completely, then electrical safety is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the thermal management component with the collection chamber structure. The thermal management component serves dual functions: it provides thermal regulation for the battery cells and simultaneously acts as the isolating barrier between the electrical chamber and collection chamber. This integration eliminates the need for separate isolation structures, reducing overall device complexity while maintaining complete electrical isolation and safety.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances battery safety by preventing electrical short-circuits and reducing the temperature and external impact of emissions, thereby preventing thermal runaway and protecting the battery and its environment.
Implementation Method 1
the thermal management component is configured to isolate the electrical chamber from the collection chamber
Implementation Method 2
the pressure relief mechanism is configured to be actuated when an internal pressure or a temperature of the battery cell provided with the pressure relief mechanism reaches a threshold value, to relieve the internal pressure
Implementation Method 3
a thermal management component, configured to accommodate a fluid to adjust the temperature of the plurality of battery cells
Implementation Method 4
the emissions collected by the collection chamber is discharged through the pressure relief region... which can extend the discharging path of the emissions, effectively reduce the temperature of the emissions
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of the present application are provided with a box of a battery, a battery, a power consumption device, and a method and device for producing a battery. The box of the battery includes: an electrical chamber; a thermal management component; and a collection chamber, configured to collect emissions from the battery cell provided with the pressure relief mechanism when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated; wherein the thermal management component is configured to isolate the electrical chamber from the collection chamber, a pressure relief region is disposed on the thermal management component, and the emissions collected by the collection chamber is discharged through the pressure relief region. According to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the safety of the battery can be enhanced.