Battery Cell Control with Internal Supercapacitors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing control systems for battery systems with internal supercapacitor components face challenges in managing uncertainty and optimizing operations due to unknown internal states and varying inputs, leading to inefficiencies and potential misbehavior.
Innovation Solution
An automated control system that uses parametric linear approximation and data Hamiltonian modeling to coordinate the impedance actuators of internal supercapacitor and battery components, synchronizing their operations to protect the battery while optimizing power output and reducing power dissipation, by determining optimal impedance levels and power distribution based on current state information.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing control systems are used for battery systems with internal supercapacitor components, then the system structure is simple, but the system cannot effectively manage uncertainty in internal states and varying inputs, leading to operational inefficiencies and potential misbehavior
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms the control approach by changing from static control parameters to dynamic parameter adaptation. The control system continuously adjusts impedance levels and power distribution based on real-time state information from sensors, allowing the system to adapt to varying inputs and internal states. This parameter dynamicization resolves the contradiction by enabling reliable operation under uncertainty without requiring overly complex predictive models.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements continuous feedback loops where sensors monitor internal states (temperature, voltage, current) and provide real-time information to the control system. This feedback mechanism allows the control system to respond to actual system conditions rather than relying on uncertain predictions, thereby improving operational reliability while maintaining manageable complexity through reactive rather than purely predictive control.
2Adaptability or versatility
If static models are used for controlling battery operations, then the control system is simple, but it cannot adapt to dynamic changes in load, source and internal state, leading to suboptimal performance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from static control models to dynamic control that continuously adapts to changing conditions. The control system adjusts impedance actuators and power distribution in real-time based on monitored state variables, enabling the system to respond to dynamic changes in load, source conditions, and internal battery states. This dynamic approach achieves adaptability without requiring complex predictive models by focusing on real-time response to measured states.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the control function into distinct modular components: impedance control for supercapacitor, impedance control for battery, power distribution management, and thermal management. Each module operates with its own control logic based on relevant state information, allowing the system to adapt to dynamic changes through coordinated modular actions rather than requiring a single complex unified model.
3Loss of energy
If internal supercapacitor and battery components are operated independently, then the control architecture is simple, but power dissipation increases and battery protection is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the control of supercapacitor and battery components through a unified power distribution management system. The impedance actuators for both components are coordinated to work together, with the control system dynamically allocating power flows between charging and discharging operations. This merging reduces power dissipation by optimizing the combined operation of both energy storage devices rather than having them operate independently, while maintaining manageable complexity through modular coordination architecture.
4Measurement precision
If comprehensive sensor monitoring is implemented to reduce uncertainty, then measurement accuracy improves, but system complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements sensor monitoring strategically at critical locations rather than uniformly throughout the system. Temperature sensors are placed at key thermal zones, voltage and current sensors are positioned at critical circuit points, and the control system focuses measurement resources on states that most directly impact control decisions. This localized measurement approach achieves sufficient measurement precision for effective control while avoiding the complexity and cost of comprehensive system-wide sensing.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach improves the operational efficiency and longevity of battery cells by dynamically adapting to changes, reducing thermal dissipation, and avoiding misbehavior, while eliminating the need for static models and optimizing power delivery from multiple components.
Implementation Method 1
a battery cell that includes one or more internal supercapacitor components (206a-b) in parallel with at least one internal battery component (207)
Data Source
AI summary
Techniques are described for implementing automated control systems that each control or otherwise manipulate, for a target system having one or more battery cells each having internal components that include one or more internal supercapacitor components in parallel with at least one battery component, usage operations for one of the internal components of one of the battery cells, with the usage operations for the internal components of a particular battery cell being synchronized or otherwise coordinated to protect the battery component(s) of the battery cell while satisfying other criteria (e.g., to increase battery cell life and/or reduce power dissipation). In at least some situations, the target system is an electric vehicle, and the automated control systems control the electric vehicle's battery cells to provide electrical power to the motor during acceleration and constant speed driving, and to store electrical power in the battery cells during braking or other deceleration.