Battery Cell Frequency Analysis for Thermal Runaway Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery management systems struggle to effectively diagnose abnormalities in battery cells to prevent thermal runaway, which can occur due to voltage imbalances and thermal issues, especially in electric vehicles with multiple interconnected cells.
Innovation Solution
An apparatus and method that generate voltage and current profiles of battery cells in the frequency domain, analyze frequency coefficients, and compare relative values to diagnose abnormalities, alerting users and managing cell performance to prevent thermal runaway.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If battery management systems monitor voltage and temperature of battery cells, then safety against thermal runaway is improved, but the complexity of the monitoring system increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms the voltage signal from time domain to frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), enabling detection of abnormal high-frequency components that indicate thermal runaway risk. This dimensional transformation allows safety monitoring in a new parameter space without adding physical sensors or complex hardware.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex physical monitoring systems with signal processing methods. Instead of using additional temperature sensors, vibration sensors, or acoustic sensors to detect thermal runaway, the system uses electrical voltage signals already present in the battery management system and analyzes them through frequency domain transformation.
2Measurement precision
If battery management systems perform detailed analysis of each battery cell, then measurement precision of cell abnormalities is improved, but the processing time and computational load increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) which efficiently computes the frequency spectrum with O(N log N) complexity rather than O(N^2). This allows the system to perform comprehensive frequency domain analysis of voltage signals with reduced computational burden, enabling real-time or near-real-time diagnosis of battery cell abnormalities.
Data Source
AI summary
In an apparatus for diagnosing an abnormality of a battery cell and a method thereof, the apparatus generates a voltage profile of each battery cell while the vehicle is driven, converts the voltage profile of each battery cell from a time domain to a frequency domain, determines a frequency coefficient of each battery cell, and diagnoses an abnormality in each battery cell based on relative comparison values of the frequency coefficients between the battery cells, preventing thermal runaway of the battery cell in advance while driving a vehicle.