Impedance Measurement Arrangement for Battery Cell Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods cannot accurately determine the complex impedance of individual electrical components in a parallel circuit, as they are typically measured as part of an overall system, limiting the ability to identify and characterize individual cell behavior, especially in battery systems where cells may drift apart with age.
Innovation Solution
A measurement arrangement that includes a switching device to temporarily break the electrical connection between components, allowing for the isolation and measurement of individual complex impedances within a parallel circuit using impedance spectroscopy, enabling precise determination of each component's impedance without external influence.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If impedance measurement is performed on battery cells connected in parallel, then the measurement can be carried out in a practical battery system configuration, but only the overall impedance of the parallel arrangement can be determined, not the individual cell impedance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the parallel circuit into separable segments by introducing switching devices that can isolate individual battery cells from the parallel arrangement. This allows the measurement system to focus on one cell at a time while maintaining the practical parallel configuration for normal operation, thereby enabling individual cell impedance measurement without requiring permanent physical separation of cells.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs dynamic switching mechanisms that can reconfigure the circuit topology from a parallel arrangement during normal operation to a series arrangement during measurement. This dynamic reconfiguration allows the system to adapt between maintaining parallel connection for system functionality and enabling individual cell measurement, resolving the contradiction between practical configuration and precise individual measurement.
2Measurement precision
If battery cells are permanently separated for individual measurement, then accurate individual impedance can be determined, but the system complexity and operational disruption increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates switching devices that serve dual functions: they enable individual cell isolation for measurement purposes while also allowing the cells to operate in parallel during normal system operation. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate measurement and operation configurations, thereby limiting the increase in system complexity while maintaining measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces switching devices as intermediary elements between the battery cells and the measurement system. These intermediaries facilitate the transition between parallel and series configurations without requiring permanent modification to the battery cell structure or complex external measurement setups, thereby managing system complexity while enabling precise individual cell measurement.
3Duration of action of moving object
If impedance spectroscopy is performed during battery operation, then real-time monitoring is achieved, but load conditions and other cells interfere with the measurement accuracy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements periodic switching during operation, where the switching device temporarily isolates the target battery cell from the parallel circuit at scheduled intervals. This periodic isolation creates measurement windows free from interference by other cells and load conditions, while allowing the battery system to continue operating in parallel during non-measurement periods, thus achieving real-time monitoring without sacrificing accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary isolation of the target battery cell using the switching device before the actual impedance measurement begins. This preliminary action removes potential interference from other cells and load conditions before the measurement process starts, ensuring measurement accuracy while allowing the system to maintain operational readiness. The cell is then measured in isolation and subsequently reconnected without significant operational disruption.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables highly accurate determination of individual electrical component states within a battery system, allowing for better characterization and monitoring of battery cells, even during operation, without being affected by other cells or load conditions.
Implementation Method 1
the measuring unit is adapted to determine the first complex impedance of the first electrical component, in particular by impedance spectroscopy
Data Source
AI summary
A measurement arrangement for determining a complex impedance of a first electrical component, wherein the measurement arrangement comprises the first component and a measuring unit, which is coupled to the first component and adapted to determine the complex impedance of the first component. The measurement arrangement comprises at least one second electrical component, which is arranged with the first component in a parallel circuit, which is hooked up in parallel with the measuring unit, wherein the parallel circuit comprises at least one switching device by which an electrical connection between the first and second component can be broken, and wherein the measurement arrangement is designed to temporarily break the electrical connection between the first component and the second component by the associated switching device in order to determine the first complex impedance of the first component.